>From the wall plaques honoring the saint at the St Joder Chapel. A tiny white chapel in a picturesque valley , in the Niwald region of Switzerland, 1000 meters above sea level, located halfway between Stans and Engelberg, with Grafenort, on the highway below, the nearest village. (1) "How King Charles is forgiven his sins by praying with St. Joder" The saint is shown kneeling at the altar, more or less facing us. As in all these pictures, he is shown with an aureole, or mandorla--not a narrow halo but more of a gold disc--behind his head, the kind of symbol often used for Jesus and the saints as painted by early artists. The king, toward the left in the picture, kneels behind St. Joder with hands outstretched, an attendant kneeling on each side of him but respectfully behind him. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) lived from 742 to 814 A.D. and St. Joder, Bishop Theodore of Sion in southern Switzerland, lived in the fourth century. This immediately illustrates how errors can creep into oral tradition not substantiated by written records. As stories were handed down from generation to generation two other saints became confused with St. Theodore. Thls later "Carolingen St. Joder" was especially popularized by a wandering monk, Ruodpertus, who attributed the same accomplishments and qualities to a bishop coming four centuries later as for the real St. Theodore. However the character of these saints was so identical that when of the true St. Joder was eventually identified, the high esteem felt by the people did not need to be altered. (2) "How King Charles hands the spiritual and secular emblems (crosier and sword) over to St. Joder" In this picture the principals are standing, each with his attendants, as the emblems are transferred. We might think of Charlemagrle's ups and downs with papal power in his day, or perhaps later struggles between church and state going on at the time the pictures were painted; but it is very likely that the artist was simply making a pious observation treat eve.. so great a monarch as Charles the Great would be willing to submit to the representative of the Heavenly Kingdom, especially one as outstanding and good as St. Joder.