KEN: Once the snp status of a clear cut clade is determined consistently for a couple members, it is pretty safe to assume others in the clade follow suit. This assumption might be weakened for outliers. *********************************** Yes, that's what I am assuming. I hope I'll get one or two volunteers for DF 29, as I did for the three Z-SNPs. RE: outliers--I don't know anyone from the Ward, Titus, or Lindeburg families, but I would be interested in finding out whether they are negative or positive for the three SNPs already tested. Titus is a considerable distance from the modal and the rest at 67 markers--even more than I'd have expected from his 43 marker results. One AS7E Titus claims Frisian ancestry, but I was told by a Titus researcher that the line hasn't been proven. Lindsey