Is it possible the MRCA for I1 lived more easterly in the north German plain than its present center of gravity? I think there are hints to that effect. - - - - Kenneth Nordtvedt See: "Tree for I1" "Tree and Map for haplogroup I" "The I1modalities" at http://knordtvedt.home.bresnan.net showing my working tree for YDNA haplogroup I. These files are periodically updated as new information is obtained.