Jürgen, You are absolutely correct! (And it's very good to find someone so knowledgeable about Iberian linguistics and toponymy). Still, there is a complicating factor - as always. The Suebi who remained stationed in Northwestern France seem to have been assimilated by the Normans later, who were a very heterogeneous group. Coincidentally, when the Normans invaded Iberia they seem to have concentrated around the very area inhabited by the Suebi (Northern Portugal and Galicia). When looking at Iberian I1 today, we clearly find a hotspot in that area. Furthermore, we find two groups - those who seem to have no close matches outside of Iberia and those who have matches with Northwestern Europeans (French, German, British, Dutch, etc...). One explanation is that the group with no close matches outside of Iberia were stationed there earlier, during the time of the Suebi. The second group may have come with the Normans. The geographic proximity of these lines, then the fact that they mixed when colonizing the Americas makes things more difficult to comprehend - Aaron brought up the case of Portuguese migration to Mexico and I've seen evidence of the same in Puerto Rico. It will be interesting when more Iberian I1 individuals test for the Z SNP's, so we can try to correlate the Z58 x Z63 results with the historical evidence we have. Aaron Torres http://www.familytreedna.com/public/I1Iberico/default.aspx?section=yresults [yDNAhgI] Suebi in Galicia and Portugal (was: New I1-Iber clade in I1xL22) Friday, March 9, 2012 7:37 PM From: "Familienarchiv Fritsche + Saldarriaga" <familienarchiv@genealogie-fritsche.de> To: y-dna-haplogroup-i@rootsweb.com And it was one remarkable influence of the Suebi on the pronunciation of the local romance language in northwestern Iberia that the "s" at the end of a syllable and a word is pronounced "sh" - as it is in our Alemanic and Swabian dialect in Germany, the Alsace, Switzerland and western Austria. Galicia and the north of Portugal not only is the area on the Iberian peninsula having the highest density of placenames of Germanic (only Suebian) origin but also shows a focused significant higher hg I level than the rest of Iberia!