Gary has reminded me that In his recent repost of the haplotypes associated with the non-Norse I1 SNP's found by the 1000 Genomes Project, he posted a clue about Z131 that I missed. The locations of the three Z131+ people are: NA11992: CEU (Utah) HG00117: GBR (Orkney) HG00140: GBR (Kent) Unfortunately Kent isn't at all ethnically isolated, least of all from people of Norse and Scottish descent. Orkney is another story. Orkney is a set of islands off the North coast of Scotland, immediately to the north of Scotland. It seems like the Orkney one should be a clue; I believe that the I1 people on that island don't have much variation and are of Norse origin. It was settled in Neolithic times and has had atleast two historic influxes of people from Scotland. "Picts" were there at one point, but Picts were basically an anti-Roman alliance of people in northern Scotland that eventually politically dominated northern and central Scotland, so it most likely means people from northern Scotland. More recently "Scottish entrepreneurs" settled there, and you'd think they might have been more from the south (and might be ethnically anything). So Z131 should maybe be sought among people from Orkney, Norway and Scotland? Places of Anglo-Saxon settlement, such as southeastern Scotland (and Kent) cannot be ruled out. I believe that Orkney is not all that genetically heterogenous, so if one Z131+ person came from there, perhaps more of them might not be that hard to find? One thing you'd not seriously expect in Orkney, so far as I know, is an eastern I1 clade. Yours, Dora