Does anyone know of a GAR post in Hardy County?? I will add the information to the Hardy County Genealogy Web Page, as well as any names of Union Soldiers that you could send me. Maybe you can help the SUVCW with this project. > ------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- > From: "Jon & Teri Newton" <[email protected]> > To: <[email protected]> > Subject: GAR Project > Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2000 09:01:37 -0800 > > Margaret, > > We are conducting a national search for all GAR posts that have ever > existed. We are looking for the names, locations, charter dates > (issue and surrender), locations of GAR halls, related websites. > > We will be posting this to our web site http://www.suvcw.org once it > is completed. Currently we are still crossreferencing and > researching. We would appreciate any assistance in this historic > effort. Should you have access to any GAR records or know of web > sites listing names of members, we would like to link this to our > main database, please submit the URL. If you see incomplete > information or errors in this data, please let me know. > > You may use any of this information for your web site. > > This is what is known of your county: > > Read location, post name, post number > > No information. > > Thanks for your assistance. > > Jon M. Newton > National GAR Project Research Associate > SUVCW > Seattle, WA > Margaret [email protected] Hardy County Genealogy Page: http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvhardy [email protected] Barbour County Genealogy Page: http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvbarbou Hardy County Genealogy Page: http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvhardy

A while back I found a map of the South Branch Manor land, that had the lots with the corresponding numbers to the rent rolls. I now need that map, and I can't remember where I found it. Can anyone help me. I would really appreciate it. Carol Anderson

I have looked over and over in my files and can't find it ,I got to go.R ----- Original Message ----- From: "Carol J. Anderson" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, March 21, 2000 14 12 PM Subject: South Branch Manor rent rolls > A while back I found a map of the South Branch Manor land, that had the lots with the corresponding numbers to the rent rolls. I now need that map, and I can't remember where I found it. Can anyone help me. I would really appreciate it. > > Carol Anderson > >

As I read it, Morrison's article on the early settlers on South Branch Manor was not meant to be all inclusive in this one article. In fact, he wrote another article in 1979 entitled "Early Land Grants and Settlers Along Patterson Creek," in West Virginia History, V40 (Winter 1979), pp. 164-199 and maybe other articles I haven't yet found. As his article states, he was only dealing with manor land and not all of Fairfax's South Branch Valley lands were included in the 4 manors he focused on. There were definitely lots on the South Branch and other rivers that were not on a particular manor. I think he was just taking each manor at a time and only dealing with the original land holders, not necessarily later ones--which isn't to say there weren't other land holders on non-manor lands that he did not include. So I agree with you, Brian, that researchers should not limit their search of land records to only the manor lands listed by Morrison. But it is a good place to start. Sara Patton ----- Original Message ----- From: "Brian D Core" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, March 06, 2000 10:23 PM Subject: South Branch Manor Lot Numbers > What Charles Morrison didn't tell us... > > No disrespect to Charles Morrison intended. He published an article about > the early grants along the South Branch River, in the October 1976 issue > of West Virginia History Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1). He stated that the lots > along the South Fork River were numbered 1 through 20, with lot no. 1 at > the Fairfax line, and lot number 20 at Moorefield. This much appears to > be true. Lots along the Wappacomo were numbered 1 through 64, with lot > no. 1 being just north of the Trough, and lot no. 64 being at the > juncture of the Wappacomo and the Potomac. This also appears to be true. > > He didn't mention in the article (as far as I can tell) that there were > also numbered lots along the North Branch and the South Branch Rivers. I > have a few copies of old Fairfax leases, and found that Frederick Ice had > property on "the North Branch of Potowmack," lot no. 8. This land later > passed to Francis Pierpoint and James Livingston. this lot would not have > been considered a part of South Branch Manor. > > John Pancake owned lot no. 60, on "the West Side of the South Branch of > Potowmack," with Lunice Creek as one of the boundaries. This would place > the lot at the present site of the town of Petersburg (Grant County). > > I found that George Core's lot, on the west side of the South Branch, was > number 12; the adjacent lot to the north, lot no. 9, was owned by John > Pancake. The adjacent lot to the south was probably lot no. 13, owned at > times by Michael Stump (Sr. or Jr.?), Christopher Cocke, and Joseph > Innskeep. Lots 10 and 11 must have been on the east side of the river. > > A list of early lot owners also appears in Sage and Jones' Early Records > of Hampshire County; they did not distinguish which branch of the river > the lots were on, and may not have been familiar with the numbering > systems. > > To make a long story short, it may be worth doing a little homework if > you're trying to locate a lot based on information from either of these > sources. If you can find an adjoiner's deed that has an identifiable > landmark (such as a mountain or stream), you have a much more reliable > reference point. > > I'd welcome discussion from anybody who has additional information about > the lot numbering systems. > > Brian > > Brian D. Core > P.O. Box 1166 > Brighton, CO 80601 > [email protected] Web Page: http://pages.prodigy.net/greenhouseguy > For attachments, use: [email protected] > > ________________________________________________________________ > YOU'RE PAYING TOO MUCH FOR THE INTERNET! > Juno now offers FREE Internet Access! > Try it today - there's no risk! For your FREE software, visit: > http://dl.www.juno.com/get/tagj. > >

In a message dated 03/15/2000 8:42:19 AM Mountain Standard Time, [email protected] writes: << GREAT NEWS!!!! I wanted to let everyone know about the status of Senate Bill # 90 - >> Congrats!!!!

Would anyone out there happen to have this book and be able to copy a couple of pages for me? When I was in WV on a genie "dig" I copied pages 182-5 which had info re a conveyance of land in the South Branch Manor from Fairfax' devisee to lessees in 1795. One of the lessees was my 6th gr-grandfather, Abraham Clark. However, I unknowingly cut off page 182 and missed the preceding page(s) describing the conveyance. Didn't notice this until I got back to IL (of course.) Would some kind soul out there please copy p.182 and any preceding pages having to do with this South Branch conveyance and send them to me? I will be happy to pay copying and postage costs. Thank you in advance for your kind help. Janet Flynn

GREAT NEWS!!!! I wanted to let everyone know about the status of Senate Bill # 90 - Senate Bill 90 - Permitting access to certain persons to cemeteries or grave sites on private land - PASSED BOTH HOUSES - 3/10/00 (found on the legislature web site) According to the Governor's secretary, the bill is now pending the governor's signature & he has 10 days following the passage of the bill (until the 17th) to sign it. (confirmation by telephone) I placed a phone call to the capital to find out if this information is true. IT IS!!!! Thank you to all who have submitted email's concerning this bill. Your email was printed & passed on to the appropriate people &, if it weren't for concerned folks as yourself, this would not have been possible. Now we just need to keep our fingers crossed the bill will be signed by the Governor. Ruth Bush Highland, Harrison Co.,WV

Subject: Re: 100 years > > > > > > What a Difference a Century Makes > > > > In the summer of 1900... > > > > The average life expectancy in the United > > States was 47. > > > > Only 14% of the homes in the United States > > had a bathtub. > > > > Only 8% of the homes had a telephone. > > > > A three-minute call from Denver to New York > > City cost $11. > > > > There were only 8,000 cars in the US > > and only 144 miles of paved roads. > > > > The maximum speed limit in most > > cities was 10 mph. > > > > Alabama, Mississippi, Iowa, and > > Tennessee were each more heavily > > populated than California. > > > > With a mere 1.4 million residents, California > > was only the 21st most populated state in the > > Union. > > > > The tallest structure in the world was the > > Eiffel Tower. > > > > The average wage in the US was 22 cents an hour. > > > > The average US worker made between $200 and $400 > > per year. > > > > A competent accountant could expect to earn > > $2,000 per year, a dentist $2,500 per year, a > > veterinarian between $1,500 and $4,000 per year, > > and a mechanical engineer about $5,000 per year. > > > > More than 95% of all births in the United > > States took place at home. > > > > 90% of all US physicians had no college education. > > Instead, they attended medical schools, many of > > which were condemned in the press and by the government > > as "substandard." > > > Sugar cost four cents a pound. Eggs were 14 > > cents a dozen. Coffee cost 15 cents a pound. > > > > Most women only washed their hair once a month > > and used borax or egg yolks for shampoo. > > > > The five leading causes of death in the US were: > > 1. Pneumonia and influenza; > > 2. TB; > > 3. Diarrhea; > > 4. Heart disease; > > 5. Stroke. > > > > The American flag had 45 stars. Arizona, > > Oklahoma, New Mexico, Hawaii and Alaska > > hadn't been admitted to the Union yet. > > > > The population of Las Vegas, Nevada was 30. > > The remote desert community was inhabited by > > only a handful of ranchers and their families. > > > > Plutonium, insulin, and antibiotics hadn't been > > discovered yet. Scotch tape, crossword puzzles, > > canned beer, and iced tea hadn't been invented. > > > > There was no Mother's Day or Father's Day. > > > > One in 10 US adults couldn't read or write. > > > > Only 6% of all Americans had > > graduated from high school. > > > > Some medical authorities warned that > > professional seamstresses were apt > > to become sexually aroused by > > the steady rhythm, hour after hour, > > of the sewing machine's foot pedals. > > They recommended > > slipping bromide, which was thought to > > diminish sexual desire, into the women's > > drinking water. > > > > Marijuana, heroin, and morphine > > were all available over the > > counter at corner drugstores. According > > to one pharmacist, "Heroin clears the > > complexion, gives buoyancy to the > > mind, regulates the stomach > > and the bowels, and is, in fact, a > > perfect guardian of health." > > > > 18% of households in the United > > States had at least one > > full-time servant or domestic. > > > > There were about 230 reported murders > > in the US annually. > >

The distinguished surname Harmon can be traced back to the ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The notable Harmon family is descended from the fierce Saxon and Angle tribes, who migrate to England in the 5th century, and pushed The ancient Britons to The frontiers of the island. Originally, the Anglo-Saxon people were each known only by a single name. The process by which hereditary surnames were adopted in medieval England is an extremely interesting one. Surnames evolved during the Middle Ages, under the feudal system of government, and often reflected life on the manor and in the field. At this time, people began to assume an extra name to avoid confusion and to further identity themselves. Frequently, they adopted patronymic surnames, which were derived from given names. During the Middle Ages, the patronymic system of name-making was adopted because it perfectly complemented the prevailing feudal system. Moreover, during the Christian era, people often named their children after saints and biblical figures. Harmon is a patronymic surname that came from Herman or Hermannus. The names are really the same: it was a common practice for scribes to record a given name in The Latin style, where us is the masculine suffix. The personal name meant warrior. The name is derived from the Old French word hermant, or from the Old German words hariman or heremen, all of which meant uwarrior.1 This name came to England in the wake of the Norman Conquest in 1066, where William the Conqueror defeated the Anglo-Saxon nobility and killed King Harold to take the throne of England. After the war, there was a wave of immigration into England from continental Europe, especially from France and Germany. The English language lacked definite spelling rules for most of its history, and consequently. Anglo-Saxon surnames are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. The official court languages, which were Latin and French, were also influential on the spelling of a surname. Changes in the spellings of Anglo-Saxon names often reflected the evolving nature of the English language. During the mid- 11th century, the Old English tongue spoken by the Anglo-Saxons gave way to Middle English, which incorporated elements of the Norman French language spoken by the conquerors of England. The introduction of the printing press by William Caxton in 1477 and the publication of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary in 1755 led to the standardization of modem English. In the meantime, even literate people varied the spelling of their own names. For example, the famous playwright William Shakespeare variously spelled his surname Shakespere", 'Shakespear', "Shakspere," and "Shaxspere." Similarly, the name has been spelled Harnome, Harmen, Harmant, Harmind, Harmane, Harmand, Harnoombe, Harmend, Hamoomb, Hamombe, Harnolm, Hamume, Hamone, Harnown, Hamomb, Hamoom, Harmynd, Harmint, Harmyn, Harghan and many more. Since the spelling of surnames was rarely consistent in medieval times, and scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded rather than adhering to any specific spelling rules, it was common to find the same individual referred to with different spellings of his surname in the ancient chronicles. During the Dark Ages, which was the period after the fall of the Roman Empire. there was a decline in education and the majority of people were illiterate, including even emperors like the Frankish king Charlemagne. In medieval England, men of the church were the sole guardians of the written word and important documents were preserved within the sturdy walls of the ancient monasteries Monks translated and revised classical texts and they compiled surveys for the purpose of recording births, deaths, marriages and land purchases. As a result of the frequency of court intrigue and the battles fought between feudal lords and barons, it became necessary to register the people and wealth of the land. The findings were subsequently recorded in various ancient manuscripts such as the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, the lnquisitlo, the Ragman Rolls, the Domesday Book, baptismal records, parish records, cartularies, and tax records. The history of the Anglo-Saxon surname Harmon appeared in a significant number of these records and the earliest origins of the distinguished family were found in Norfolk, where Hermannus dapifer was recorded sometime between 1101 and 1125. Alexander fihius Hermanni was listed in 1191, in Surrey the inclusion of fi/ms (which means 'son or') is a strong indication of this name's patronymic origin. Willelmus Hermannus was listed in Norfolk in the same town as Hermannus dapifer he appeared in records there from the 1 140s. Robert Hereman was listed in Norfolk in 1196. William Heremond was recorded in Sussex in the Subsidy Rolls, a tax record compiled in 1296. John Harrnan was listed in Suffolk in 1327. John Harmon was one of the first immigrants to the United States in the 17th century. The 1984 edition of the Report of Distribution of Surnames in the Social Security lists the surname Harman as the 2,062nd most popular surname in the United States. The same Report lists Harmon as the 380th most popular surname in the United States In this case, try Clara Harmon Bradshaw Her American Ancestors and Her Descendants by Mary Frances Bradshaw Dittrich Throughout the Middle Ages the Harmon family and the English nation managed to flourish despite plagues, famine, and the harsh realities of life at this time. However, during the modem era, England was devastated by religious and political conflict. Under the Tudors the problems of succession, strife between Catholics and Protestants, and the fear of foreign invasion had mainly been resolved. Later, under the House of Stuart, there were conflicts between the king and Parliament, and between Catholics and Protestants. The Stuarts came to power at a time when the middle class was becoming increasingly powerful and willing to assert its rights through Parliament. The Stuarts were ousted from power first by Cromwell and then by the "Glorious Revolution' which resulted in the long series of Jacobite uprisings. As a result of the chaos and upheaval at home, numerous English families voluntarily or involuntarily left England and migrated to Ireland, Canada, the United States, Australia and the other colonies held by the British crown. In Ireland, Protestant settlers and those who fought for or supported Cromwell were granted lands which had been confiscated from the Catholic Irish. While some of the confiscated lands were returned during the reign of King Chides II, most remained in the hands of newcomers. Other English families migrated to Ireland in search of work in the newly created Irish industries. The open spaces and untamed frontiers of North America attracted many migrants in search of adventure and property. Numerous English families migrated to the New World on the armada of sailing ships which were romantically known as the White Sails, but were often referred to as coffin ships. As a result of the harsh conditions on the overcrowded ships, the majority of the immigrants arrived in the New World diseased, famished, and destitute from the long journey across the stormy Atlantic. After risking the perilous journey across the oceans to the newly discovered lands in North America, the English settlers realized that the New World was not the paradise they had expected. Early attempts to establish a colony at Roanoke Island in North Carolina met with disaster. In 1591, supply ships found the colony deserted and the fate of the settlers remained a mystery forever. The great flux of English migration to Canada occurred after the Seven Years War, when Canada was ceded to the British.

Does anyone have access to any resources that they are willing to do lookups in? If so, I am looking for any information on Reuben GEORGE born about 1820 in Pendleton VA, wife Hannah, he was listed at Luney's Creek P.O.on the 1860 Census for Hardy county and I have him on the 1870 & 1880 Census for Grant county. Would anyone have burial information on he or his wife? His family listed on any other Census? Death or will for him or his wife? Any other information? Thank you for your assistance, Elaine

What Charles Morrison didn't tell us... No disrespect to Charles Morrison intended. He published an article about the early grants along the South Branch River, in the October 1976 issue of West Virginia History Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1). He stated that the lots along the South Fork River were numbered 1 through 20, with lot no. 1 at the Fairfax line, and lot number 20 at Moorefield. This much appears to be true. Lots along the Wappacomo were numbered 1 through 64, with lot no. 1 being just north of the Trough, and lot no. 64 being at the juncture of the Wappacomo and the Potomac. This also appears to be true. He didn't mention in the article (as far as I can tell) that there were also numbered lots along the North Branch and the South Branch Rivers. I have a few copies of old Fairfax leases, and found that Frederick Ice had property on "the North Branch of Potowmack," lot no. 8. This land later passed to Francis Pierpoint and James Livingston. this lot would not have been considered a part of South Branch Manor. John Pancake owned lot no. 60, on "the West Side of the South Branch of Potowmack," with Lunice Creek as one of the boundaries. This would place the lot at the present site of the town of Petersburg (Grant County). I found that George Core's lot, on the west side of the South Branch, was number 12; the adjacent lot to the north, lot no. 9, was owned by John Pancake. The adjacent lot to the south was probably lot no. 13, owned at times by Michael Stump (Sr. or Jr.?), Christopher Cocke, and Joseph Innskeep. Lots 10 and 11 must have been on the east side of the river. A list of early lot owners also appears in Sage and Jones' Early Records of Hampshire County; they did not distinguish which branch of the river the lots were on, and may not have been familiar with the numbering systems. To make a long story short, it may be worth doing a little homework if you're trying to locate a lot based on information from either of these sources. If you can find an adjoiner's deed that has an identifiable landmark (such as a mountain or stream), you have a much more reliable reference point. I'd welcome discussion from anybody who has additional information about the lot numbering systems. Brian Brian D. Core P.O. Box 1166 Brighton, CO 80601 [email protected] Web Page: http://pages.prodigy.net/greenhouseguy For attachments, use: [email protected] ________________________________________________________________ YOU'RE PAYING TOO MUCH FOR THE INTERNET! Juno now offers FREE Internet Access! Try it today - there's no risk! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/tagj.

In a message dated 03/05/2000 1:21:58 PM Mountain Standard Time, [email protected] writes: << http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvhardy/ >> Neat.. thanks, Ellie Swanger

I am a descendant of LEONARD STUMP and his wife, MARY MORROW who m. in Hardy Co. WV (VA) ca. 1823 and eventually moved to Gasconade Co. MO, location of my childhood home. Would like to hear from other descendants of this family, as well as more information on the parents and siblings of both. Ellie Stites Swanger, CO [email protected]

Hardy County researchers: This weekend I have added the work of the late Thurman Stump "Michael Stump Sr. of Virginia, 1709 - 1768, A Treatise on the Origin and Ancestry with Surname Armorials" to the Hardy County genealogy web page. This electronic version includes corrections and additions that were published in a supplement in 1979. This book has many illustrations, maps, and documents. Also included with the book are two other items from Thurman Stumps files, an Alkire Bible Record and "George Stump I and Family". I want to thank Emma Stump Campbell and her family for giving me permission to publish this book on the Hardy County genealogy web page. Mr. Stump intended his work to be an open-end study and it is wonderful to have this opportunity to share it with you all. I hope reading it will be helpful and interesting to you. Margaret Lew Hardy County Genealogy Web Page http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvhardy/

You are looking at dirt!!!!!! > > > > > > I'm Older Than Dirt; How About You?How many do you remember . . . . > > .?1. Blackjack chewing gum2. Wax Coke-shaped bottles with colored > > sugar water3. Candy cigarettes4. Soda pop machines that dispensed > > bottles5. Coffee shops with tableside jukeboxes6. Home milk delivery > > in glass bottles with cardboard stoppers7. Party lines8. Newsreels > > before the movie9. P.F. Flyers10. Butch wax11. Telephone numbers with > > a word prefix (Olive - 6933)12. Pea shooters13. Howdy Doody14. 45 RPM > > records15. S&H Green Stamps16. Hi-fi's17. Metal ice trays with > > levers18. Mimeograph paper19. Blue flashbulbs20. Beanie and Cecil21. > > Roller skate keys22. Cork popguns23. Drive-ins24. Studebakers25. Wash > > tub wringers If you remembered 0-5: You're still youngIf you > > remembered 6-10: You are getting olderIf you remembered 11-15: Don't > > tell your ageIf you remembered 16-25: You're older than dirt! > >

> Ancestry.com is celebrating Women's History Month with a special page filled > with quotes by famous women, featured databases, and links to women's > history > Web sites. You can visit the Women's History Month page at: > http://www.ancestry.com/home/celebrate/women.htm > > Here is an example of one of the free databases available this month: > American WWI Mothers' Pilgrimage, 1930 > http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/inddbs/4224.htm > > / >

> > > > > >Hereditary, Fraternal, & Patriotic Organizations > > > > > > > > > > > >Hereditary Organizations > > > > > > > >Daughters of the American Revolution > > > >http://www.chesapeake.net/DAR > > > > > > > >Daughters of the Republic of Texas > > > >http://www.drtl.org/~drtl/index.html > > > > > > > >Descendents of Mexican War Veterans > > > >http://member.aol.com/dmwv/home.htm > > > > > > > >Descendents of Washington's Army at Valley Forge > > > >http://www.execpc.com/~drg/widwavf.html > > > > > > > >Founders of the New Haven Colony > > > >http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/NEWHAVEN.HTM > > > > > > > >General Society of Mayflower Descendents > > > >http://user.aol.com/calebj/mayflower.html > > > > > > > >General Society of the War of 1812 > > > >http://LanClio.org/1812.htm > > > > > > > >General Society Sons of the Revolution > > > >http://www.execpc.com/~drg/gssro.html > > > > > > > >Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) > > > >http://pages.prodigy.com/CGBD86A/garhp.htm > > > >for male descendents and > > > > > > > >Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic > > > >http://suvcw.org/lgar.htm > > > > > > > >and the > > > > > > > >Women's Relief Corps > > > >http://suvcw.org/wrc.htm > > > >for female descendents of Union soldiers of the Civil War. > > > > > > > >Huguenot Society > > > >http://www.startext.net/homes/huguenot/ > > > > > > > >International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers > > > >http://www.media.utah.edu/medsol/UCME/d/DAUGHTERSUTPIO.html > > > > > > > >Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States > > > >http://suvcw.org/mollus.htm > > > > > > > >Military Order of the Stars and Bars > > > >http://scv.org/mosbhome.htm > > > > > > > >Military Order of the World Wars > > > >http://www.cais.com/dc/moww/ > > > > > > > >Order of Daedalians > > > >http://www.daedalians.org/ > > > > > > > >Order of Indian Wars of the United States > > > >http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/INDIAN.HTM > > > > > > > >Point Lookout Prisoner of War Organization > > > >http://barbados.cc.odu.edu/~bkb300z/plpow/plpow.html > > > >for descendents of POWs at the Point Lookout, Maryland prison during > > > >the American Civil War. > > > > > > > >Society of the Cincinnati > > > >http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/CINCINNA.HTM > > > > > > > >Sons of the American Legion > > > >http://www.legion.org/salinfo.htm > > > > > > > >Sons of the American Revolution > > > >http://www.sar.org/ > > > > > > > >Sons of Confederate Veterans > > > >http://scv.org/ > > > > > > > >Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. > > > >http://SUVCW.org/ > > > > > > > >Link to the Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War. > > > >http://suvcw.org/duv.htm > > > > > > > > > > > >Fraternal/Social Organizations > > > > > > > > > > > >Follow this link for a good discussion about Fraternal Organizations > > > >and insurance. This isn't about college Greek fraternities, but rather > > > >organizations formed for mutual benefit such as Woodmen of the World, > > > >Knights of Pythias, Improved Order of Heptasophs, and the like. > > > >http://www.wvu.edu/~socialwk/faculty/RAL/E/fraternities.html > > > > > > > >Benevolent & Protective Organization of Elks (BPOE) > > > >http://rtpnet.org/~nec/ > > > > > > > >Free Masons > > > >http://www.freemasonry.org/index.html > > > > > > > >Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF) > > > >http://www.avd.nl/ioof/e_index.htm > > > > > > > >Kiwanis Club > > > >http://www.kiwanis.com/ > > > > > > > >Knights of Columbus > > > >http://www.netreach.net/~kofc4215/knights.htm > > > > > > > >Lion's Club International > > > >http://www.lions.org/ > > > > > > > >National Exchange Club > > > >http://rtpnet.org/~nec/ > > > > > > > >Optimists International > > > >http://www.optimist.org/ > > > > > > > >Order Knights of Pythias > > > >http://freenet.buffalo.edu/~br001/index.html > > > > > > > >Rotary International > > > >http://www.rotary.org/ > > > > > > > >Shriners of North America > > > >http://freenet.buffalo.edu/~br001/index.html > > > > > > > >Woodmen of the World > > > >http://members.aol.com/markcase/page3.htm > > > > > > > > > > > >Patriotic and Military Organizations > > > > > > > > > > > >Air Force Association (AFA) > > > >http://www.afa.org/ > > > > > > > >The American Legion > > > >http://www.legion.org/ > > > > > > > >Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts > > > >http://www.tiac.net/users/ltcdon/ > > > > > > > >Ancient and Honorable Order of the Jersey Blues > > > >http://www.innerlight.com/genepool/njblues.htm > > > > > > > >Association of the United States Army (AUSA) > > > >http://www.ausa.org/ > > > > > > > >Disabled American Veterans (DAV) > > > >http://www.dav.org/contents/ > > > > > > > >Legion of Valor of the United States > > > >http://members.aol.com/LValor1890/index.html > > > > > > > >Marine Corps League > > > >http://www.mcleague.org/ > > > > > > > >Military Order of the Purple Heart > > > >http://www.purpleheart.org/index.ssi > > > > > > > >National Society Sons of Utah Pioneers > > > >http://www.uvol.com/sup/homepage.html > > > > > > > >The Navy League > > > >http://www.navyleague.org/ > > > > > > > >Retired Officers Association (TROA) > > > >http://www.troa.org/ > > > > > > > >United Daughters of the Confederacy > > > >http://www.hsv.tis.net/~maxs/UDC/ > > > > > > > >Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) > > > >http://www.vfw.org/ > > --part0_909586550_boundary > Content-ID: <[email protected]_out.mail.pacific.net.2> > Content-type: message/rfc822 > Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit > Content-disposition: inline > > Return-Path: <[email protected]> > Received: from rly-yc05.mail.aol.com (rly-yc05.mail.aol.com [172.18.149.37]) > by air-yc03.mail.aol.com (v51.9) with SMTP; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 01:27:56 > -0500 > Received: from bl-14.rootsweb.com (bl-14.rootsweb.com [204.212.38.30]) > by rly-yc05.mail.aol.com (8.8.8/8.8.5/AOL-4.0.0) > with ESMTP id BAA04107; > Wed, 28 Oct 1998 01:27:29 -0500 (EST) > Received: (from [email protected]) > by bl-14.rootsweb.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) id WAA13072; > Tue, 27 Oct 1998 22:24:27 -0800 (PST) > Resent-Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 22:24:27 -0800 (PST) > Message-Id: <[email protected]> > From: "Phil Carnahan" <[email protected]> > Old-To: "NORCAL" <[email protected]> > Subject: Links to Fraternal Organizations > Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 22:21:08 -0800 > X-MSMail-Priority: Normal > X-Priority: 3 > X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155 > Resent-Message-ID: <"54pJwD.A.xLD.ZirN2"@bl-14.rootsweb.com> > To: [email protected] > Resent-From: [email protected] > X-Mailing-List: <[email protected]> archive/latest/34987 > X-Loop: [email protected] > Precedence: list > Resent-Sender: [email protected] > Mime-Version: 1.0 > Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 > Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable > > With all the discussions and links about IOOF being posted, > I thought I'd post this list again. I haven't tried all these links, > but I'm sure you will find some good information about these > organizations. > > > Phil Carnahan > Ukiah, Ca. > > Hereditary, Fraternal, & Patriotic Organizations > --last updated on 18 Jan 97-- > > > > Hereditary, Fraternal, & Patriotic Organizations > > > Hereditary Organizations > > Daughters of the American Revolution > http://www.chesapeake.net/DAR > > Daughters of the Republic of Texas > http://www.drtl.org/~drtl/index.html > > Descendents of Mexican War Veterans > http://member.aol.com/dmwv/home.htm > > Descendents of Washington's Army at Valley Forge > http://www.execpc.com/~drg/widwavf.html > > Founders of the New Haven Colony > http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/NEWHAVEN.HTM > > General Society of Mayflower Descendents > http://user.aol.com/calebj/mayflower.html > > General Society of the War of 1812 > http://LanClio.org/1812.htm > > General Society Sons of the Revolution > http://www.execpc.com/~drg/gssro.html > > Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) > http://pages.prodigy.com/CGBD86A/garhp.htm > for male descendents and > > Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic > http://suvcw.org/lgar.htm > > and the > > Women's Relief Corps > http://suvcw.org/wrc.htm > for female descendents of Union soldiers of the Civil War. > > Huguenot Society > http://www.startext.net/homes/huguenot/ > > International Society Daughters of Utah Pioneers > http://www.media.utah.edu/medsol/UCME/d/DAUGHTERSUTPIO.html > > Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States > http://suvcw.org/mollus.htm > > Military Order of the Stars and Bars > http://scv.org/mosbhome.htm > > Military Order of the World Wars > http://www.cais.com/dc/moww/ > > Order of Daedalians > http://www.daedalians.org/ > > Order of Indian Wars of the United States > http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/INDIAN.HTM > > Point Lookout Prisoner of War Organization > http://barbados.cc.odu.edu/~bkb300z/plpow/plpow.html > for descendents of POWs at the Point Lookout, Maryland prison during > the American Civil War. > > Society of the Cincinnati > http://members.tripod.com/~Historic_Trust/CINCINNA.HTM > > Sons of the American Legion > http://www.legion.org/salinfo.htm > > Sons of the American Revolution > http://www.sar.org/ > > Sons of Confederate Veterans > http://scv.org/ > > Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War. > http://SUVCW.org/ > > Link to the Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War. > http://suvcw.org/duv.htm > > > Fraternal/Social Organizations > > > Follow this link for a good discussion about Fraternal Organizations > and insurance. This isn't about college Greek fraternities, but rather > organizations formed for mutual benefit such as Woodmen of the World, > Knights of Pythias, Improved Order of Heptasophs, and the like. > http://www.wvu.edu/~socialwk/faculty/RAL/E/fraternities.html > > Benevolent & Protective Organization of Elks (BPOE) > http://rtpnet.org/~nec/ > > Free Masons > http://www.freemasonry.org/index.html > > Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF) > http://www.avd.nl/ioof/e_index.htm > > Kiwanis Club > http://www.kiwanis.com/ > > Knights of Columbus > http://www.netreach.net/~kofc4215/knights.htm > > Lion's Club International > http://www.lions.org/ > > National Exchange Club > http://rtpnet.org/~nec/ > > Optimists International > http://www.optimist.org/ > > Order Knights of Pythias > http://freenet.buffalo.edu/~br001/index.html > > Rotary International > http://www.rotary.org/ > > Shriners of North America > http://freenet.buffalo.edu/~br001/index.html > > Woodmen of the World > http://members.aol.com/markcase/page3.htm > > > Patriotic and Military Organizations > > > Air Force Association (AFA) > http://www.afa.org/ > > The American Legion > http://www.legion.org/ > > Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts > http://www.tiac.net/users/ltcdon/ > > Ancient and Honorable Order of the Jersey Blues > http://www.innerlight.com/genepool/njblues.htm > > Association of the United States Army (AUSA) > http://www.ausa.org/ > > Disabled American Veterans (DAV) > http://www.dav.org/contents/ > > Legion of Valor of the United States > http://members.aol.com/LValor1890/index.html > > Marine Corps League > http://www.mcleague.org/ > > Military Order of the Purple Heart > http://www.purpleheart.org/index.ssi > > National Society Sons of Utah Pioneers > http://www.uvol.com/sup/homepage.html > > The Navy League > http://www.navyleague.org/ > > Retired Officers Association (TROA) > http://www.troa.org/ > > United Daughters of the Confederacy > http://www.hsv.tis.net/~maxs/UDC/ > > Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) > http://www.vfw.org/ > > > > > --part0_909586550_boundary-- > >

Subject: Abbreviations > ABBREVIATIONS: > 1C - first cousin (2c, second cousin, etc.) > 1R - once removed (2r, twice removed, etc.) > ACW - American Civil War > AFRA - American Family Records Association > AGLL- American Genealogical Lending Library > AGRA - Association of Genealogists and Record Agents (Professional) > APG - Association of Professional Genealogists, headquartered in Salt Lake > City, Utah. > ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange - type of file on > a computer that is usually readable / writeable by most word processors > AIS - Accelerated Indexing System > b - born > bap or bapt - baptized > BBS - Bulletin Board System Phone dial up connection for PC's. > BK - Brother's Keeper, a genealogy program > BMD - Births, Marriages and Deaths > BMP - Bit Mapped Picture - file format of a computer disk file > Bp - Bishop > bur - buried > C18 - Eighteenth century (etc.) > ca - circa, about, (as in ca. 1840.) > CANINDEX - Index of emigrants from British Isles to Canada and Newfoundland > CC - County Court (USA) > CD - Compact Disk - An optical disk used with some PC's to store lots of > data. > CFI - Computer File Index (precursor of IGI) > chr - Christened. > CW - Civil War > d - died. > DAR - Daughters of the American Revolution > DC - District Court > DOCS - Documents / Documentations > div - divorced. > d.s.p. - died without issue (from Latin: decessit sine prole) > FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions > FFV - First Families of Virginia > FGRA - Family Group Record Archives > FGS - ancestral charts or "Family Group Sheets" > FHC - Family History Center (LDS satellite centers) > FHL - Family History Library (LDS main library in Utah) > FHLC - Family History Library Catalog > FOIA - Freedom of Information Act > FTM - Family Tree Maker, a genealogy program from Banner Blue Software > FTP - File Transfer Protocol (networking, technical) > GEDCOM - GEnealogical Data COMmunications > GIF - A format to hold images on a computer disk file > GIM - Genealogical Information Manager > GOONS - Guild Of One Name Studies > IGI - International Genealogical Index > IOOF - Independent Order of Odd Fellows > ISO - In Search Of > LDS - Latter Day Saints (Mormons) > LOCIS - Library of Congress Information System > NARA - National Archives and Records Administration > NATF - National Archives Trust Fund > NEHGS - New England Historical Genealogy Society > NGC - National Genealogical Conference > NGS - National Geographical Society > PAF - Personal Ancestry File, genealogy program of the Mormon Church (LDS) > ROOTS-L - a mailing list of subscribers who are interested in genealogy > RW - Revolutionary War > SAR - Sons of the American Revolution > SASE - Self Addressed, Stamped Envelope > SOUNDEX - A method of translating a name to a one letter code followed by > three numerical digits. The aim of the translation is to render all names > which sound alike (or sufficiently similar) to the same code. > TMS - Tiny Tafels Software genealogy program also Tafel Matching System > WW1 - World War One > WW2 - World War Two > >

> DEFINITIONS: > ABSTRACT - Summary of important points of a given text, especially deeds and > wills. > ACRE - See measurements. > ADMINISTRATION (of estate) - The collection, management and distribution of > an estate by proper legal process. > ADMINISTRATOR (of estate) - Person appointed to manage or divide the estate > of a deceased person. > ADMINISTRATRIX - A female administrator. > AFFIDAVIT - A statement in writing, sworn to before proper authority. > ALIEN - Foreigner. > AMERICAN REVOLUTION - U.S. war for independence from Great Britain 1775 - > 1783. > ANCESTOR - A person from whom you are descended; a forefather. > ANTE - Latin prefix meaning before, such as in antebellum South, "The South > before the war" > APPRENTICE - One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement or by any > means to serve another person for a certain time, with a view of learning an > art or trade. > APPURTENANCE - That which belongs to something else such as a building, > orchard, right of way, etc. > ARCHIVES - Records of a government, organization, institution; the place > where records are stored. > ATTEST - To affirm; to certify by signature or oath. > BANNS - Public announcement of intended marriage. > BENEFICIARY - One who receives benefit of trust or property. > BEQUEATH - To give personal property to a person in a will. Noun -- bequest. > BOND - Written, signed, witnessed agreement requiring payment of a specified > amount of money on or before a given date. > BOUNTY LAND WARRANT - A right to obtain land, specific number of acres of > unallocated public land, granted for military service. > CENSUS - Official enumeration, listing or counting of citizens. > CERTIFIED COPY - A copy made and attested to by officers having charge of > the original and authorized to give copies. > CHAIN - See measurements. > CHATTEL - Personal property which can include animate as well as inanimate > properties. > CHRISTEN - To receive or initiate into the visible church by baptism; to > name at baptism; to give a name to. > CIRCA - About, near, or approximate -- usually referring to a date. > CIVIL WAR - War between the States; war between North and South, 1861 - 65. > CODICIL - Addition to a will. > COLLATERAL ANCESTOR - Belong to the same ancestral stock but not in direct > line of descent; opposed to lineal such as aunts, uncles & cousins. > COMMON ANCESTOR - Ancestor shared by any two people. > CONFEDERATE - Pertaining to the Southern states which seceded from the U.S. > in 1860-1861, their government and their citizens. > CONSANGUINITY - Blood relationship. > CONSORT - Usually, a wife whose husband is living. > CONVEYANCE - See deed. > COUSIN - Relative descended from a common ancestor, but not a brother or > sister. > DAUGHTER-IN-LAW - Wife of one's son. > DECEASED - Dead. > DECEDENT - A deceased person. > DECLARATION OF INTENTION - First paper, sworn to and filed in court, by an > alien stating that he wants to be come a citizen. > DEED - A document by which title in real property is transferred from one > party to another. > DEPOSITION - A testifying or testimony taken down in writing under oath of > affirmation in reply to interrogatories, before a competent officer to > replace to oral testimony of a witness. > DEVISE - Gift of real property by will. > DEVISEE - One to whom real property (land) is given in a will. > DEVISOR - One who gives real property in a will. > DISSENTER - One who did not belong to the established church, especially the > Church of England in the American colonies. > DISTRICT LAND OFFICE PLAT BOOK - Books or rather maps which show the > location of the land patentee. > DISTRICT LAND OFFICE TRACT BOOK - Books which list individual entries by > range and township. > DOUBLE DATING - A system of double dating used in England and America from > 1582-1752 because it was not clear as to whether the year commenced January > 1 or March 25 > DOWER - Legal right or share which a wife acquired by marriage in the real > estate of her husband, allotted to her after his death for her lifetime. > EMIGRANT - One leaving a country and moving to another. > ENUMERATION - Listing or counting , such as a census. > EPITAPH - An inscription on or at a tomb or grave in memory of the one > buried there. > ESCHEAT - The reversion of property to the state when there are no qualified > heirs. > ESTATE - All property and debts belonging to a person. > ET AL - Latin for "and others". > ET UX - Latin for "and wife". > ET UXOR - And his wife. Sometimes written simply Et Ux. > EXECUTOR - One appointed in a will to carry out its provisions. Female = > Executrix. > FATHER-IN-LAW - Father of one's spouse. > FEE - An estate of inheritance in land, being either fee simple or fee tail. > An estate in land held of a feudal lord on condition of the performing of > certain services. > FEE SIMPLE - An absolute ownership without restriction. > FEE TAIL - An estate of inheritance limited to lineal descendant heirs of a > person to whom it was granted. > FRANKLIN, STATE OF - An area once known but never officially recognized and > was under consideration from 1784 - 1788 from the western part of North > Carolina. > FRATERNITY - Group of men (or women) sharing a common purpose or interest. > FREE HOLD - An estate in fee simple, in fee tail, or for life. > FRIEND - Member of the Religious Society of Friends; a Quaker. > FURLONG - See measurements. > GAZETTEER - A geographical dictionary; a book giving names and descriptions > of places usually in alphabetical order. > GENEALOGY - Study of family history and descent. > GENTLEMAN - A man well born. > GIVEN NAME - Name given to a person at birth or baptism, one's first and > middle names. > GLEBE - Land belonging to a parish church. > GRANTEE - One who buys property or receives a grant. > GRANTOR - One who sells property or makes a grant. > GREAT-AUNT - Sister of one's grandparent. > GREAT-UNCLE - Brother of one's grandparent. > GUARDIAN - Person appointed to care for and manage property of a minor > orphan or an adult incompetent of managing his own affairs. > HALF BROTHER/HALF SISTER - Child by another marriage of one's mother or > father; the relationship of two people who have only one parent in common. > HEIRS - Those entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit property > from another. > HOLOGRAPHIC WILL - One written entirely in the testator's own handwriting. > HOMESTEAD ACT - Law passed by Congress in 1862 allowing a head of a family > to obtain title to 160 acres of public land after clearing and improving it > for 5 years. > HUGUENOT - A French Protestant in the 16th and 17th centuries. One of the > reformed or Calvinistic communion who were driven by the thousands into > exile in England, Holland, Germany and America. > ILLEGITIMATE - Born to a mother who was not married to the child's father. > IMMIGRANT - One moving into a country from another. > INDENTURE - Today it means a contract in 2 or more copies. Originally made > in 2 parts by cutting or tearing a single sheet across the middle in a > jagged line so the two parts may later be matched. > INDENTURED SERVANT - One who bound himself into service of another person > for a specified number of years, often in return for transportation to this > country. > INFANT - Any person not of full age; a minor. "Infant of Tender Years" would > refer to a minor under the age of 14. Guardians were appointed for them by > the Court. Children 14-21 had the legal right to choose their own guardian. > So if you find a court record showing an orphan "came to court and chose as > (his/her) guardian" as the legal phrasing read, you know the child was a > minor over 14 and under 21 (if male) or 18 (if female and unmarried); girls > reached legal majority when they turned 18 or married, as when they married > their rights passed automatically to their husband. > INSTANT - Of or pertaining to the current month. (Abbreviated inst.). > INTESTATE - One who dies without a will or dying without a will. > INVENTORY - An account, catalog or schedule, made by an executor or > administrator of all the goods and chattels and sometimes of the real estate > of a deceased person. > ISSUE - Offspring; children; lineal descendants of a common ancestor. > LATE - Recently deceased. > LEASE - An agreement which creates a landlord - tenant situation. > LEGACY - Property or money left to someone in a will. > LEGISLATURE - Lawmaking branch of state or national government; elected > group of lawmakers. > LIEN - A claim against property as security for payment of a debt. > LINEAGE - Ancestry; direct descent from a specific ancestor. > LINEAL - Consisting of or being in as direct line of ancestry or > descendants; descended in a direct line. > LINK - See measurements. > LIS PENDENS - Pending court action; usually applies to land title claims. > LODGE - A chapter or meeting hall of a fraternal organization. > LOYALIST - Tory, an American colonist who supported the British side during > the American Revolution. > MADSTONE - A stone taken from the stomach of a deer (aided in digestion), > preferably a white deer, which was applied to the body of a person who was > bitten by a rabid animal. If the stone stuck to the wound, it was supposedly > drawing out the poison and the person would hopefully live. If the stone > fell off, the bite was not rabid. These stones were much cherished, bragged > out, hidden from people who would want to steal them, and passed from > generation to generation. > MAIDEN NAME - A girl's last name or surname before she marries. > MANUSCRIPT - A composition written with the hand as an ancient book or an > un-printed modern book or music. > MARRIAGE BOND - A financial guarantee that no impediment to the marriage > existed, furnished by the intended bridegroom or by his friends. > MATERNAL - Related through one's mother, such as a Maternal grandmother > being the mother's mother. > MEASUREMENTS - Link - 7.92 inches; Chain - 100 Links or 66 feet; Furlong - > 1000 Links or 660 feet; Rod - 5 1/2 yds or 16 1/2 ft (also called a perch or > pole); Rood - From 5 1/2 yards to 8 yards, depending on locality; Acre - > 43,560 square ft or 160 square rods. > MESSUAGE - A dwelling house. > METES & BOUNDS - Property described by natural boundaries, such as 3 notches > in a white oak tree, etc. > MICROFICHE - Sheet of microfilm with greatly reduced images of pages of > documents. > MICROFILM - Reproduction of documents on film at reduced size. > MIGRANT - Person who moves from place to place, usually in search of work. > MIGRATE - To move from one country or state or region to another. (Noun : > migration). > MILITIA - Citizens of a state who are not part of the national military > forces but who can be called into military service in an emergency; a > citizen army, apart from the regular military forces. > MINOR - One who is under legal age; not yet a legal adult. > MISTER - In early times, a title of respect given only to those who held > important civil officer or who were of gentle blood. > MOIETY - A half; an indefinite portion. > MORTALITY - Death; death rate. > MORTALITY SCHEDULES - Enumeration of persons who died during the year prior > to June 1 of 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 in each state of the United States, > conducted by the bureau of census. > MORTGAGE - A conditional transfer of title to real property as security for > payment of a debt. > MOTHER-IN-LAW - Mother of one's spouse. > NAMESAKE - Person named after another person. > NECROLOGY - Listing or record of persons who have died recently. > NEE - Used to identify a woman's maiden name; born with the surname of. > NEPHEW - Son of one's brother or sister. > NIECE - Daughter of one's brother or sister. > NUNCUPATIVE WILL - One declared or dictated by the testator, usually for > persons in last sickness, sudden illness, or military. > ORPHAN - Child whose parents are dead; sometimes, a child who has lost one > parent by death. > ORPHAN'S COURT - Orphans being recognized as wards of the states, provisions > were made for them in special courts. > PASSENGER LIST - A ships list of passengers, usually referring to those > ships arriving in the US from Europe. > PATENT - Grant of land from a government to an individual. > PATERNAL - Related to one's father. Paternal grandmother is the father's > mother. > PATRIOT - One who loves his country and supports its interests. > PEDIGREE - Family tree; ancestry. > PENSION - Money paid regularly to an individual, especially by a government > as reward for military service during wartime or upon retirement from govern > ment service. > PENSIONER - One who receives a pension. > PERCH - See measurements. > POLE - See measurements. > POLL - List or record of persons, especially for taxing or voting. > POST - Latin prefix meaning after, as in postwar economy. > POSTERITY - Descendants; those who come after. > POWER OF ATTORNEY - When a person in unable to act for himself, he appoints > another to act in his behalf. > PRE - Latin prefix meaning before, as in prewar military buildup. > PRE-EMOTION RIGHTS - Right given by the federal government to citizens to > buy a quarter section of land or less. > PROBATE - Having to do with wills and the administration of estates. > PROGENITOR - A direct ancestor. > PROGENY - Descendants of a common ancestor; issue. > PROVED WILL - A will established as genuine by probate court. > PROVOST - A person appointed to superintend, or preside over something. > PROXIMO - In the following month, in the month after the present one. > PUBLIC DOMAIN - Land owned by the government. > QUAKER - Member of the Religious Society of Friends. > QUIT CLAIM - A deed conveying the interest of the party at that time. > RECTOR - A clergyman; the ruler or governor of a country. > RELICT - Widow; surviving spouse when one has died, husband or wife. > REPUBLIC - Government in which supreme authority lies with the people or > their elected representatives. > REVOLUTIONARY WAR - U.S. war for independence from Great Britain 1775 - > 1783. > ROD - See measurements. > ROOD - See measurements. > SHAKER - Member of a religious group formed in 1747 which practiced communal > living and celibacy. > SIBLING - Person having one or both parents in common with another; a > brother or sister. > SIC - Latin meaning thus; copied exactly as the original reads. Often > suggests a mistake or surprise in the original. > SON-IN-LAW - Husband of one's daughter. > SPINSTER - A woman still unmarried; or one who spins. > SPONSOR - A bondsman; surety. > SPOUSE - Husband or wife. > STATUTE - Law. > STEPBROTHER / STEPSISTER - Child of one's stepfather or stepmother. > STEPCHILD - Child of one's husband or wife from a previous marriage. > STEPFATHER - Husband of one's mother by a later marriage. > STEPMOTHER - Wife of one's father by a later marriage. > SURNAME - Family name or last name. > TERRITORY - Area of land owned by the united States, not a state, but having > its own legislature and governor. > TESTAMENTARY - Pertaining to a will. > TESTATE - A person who dies leaving a valid will. > TESTATOR - A person who makes a valid will before his death. > TITHABLE - Taxable. > TITHE - Formerly, money due as a tax for support of the clergy or church. > TORY - Loyalist; one who supported the British side in the American > Revolution. > TOWNSHIP - A division of U.S. public land that contained 36 sections, or 36 > square miles. Also a subdivision of the county in many Northeastern and > Midwestern states of the U.S. > TRADITION - The handing down of statements, beliefs, legends, customs, > genealogies, etc. from generation to generation, especially by word of > mouth. > TRANSCRIBE - To make a copy in writing. > ULTIMO - In the month before this one. > UNION - The United States; also the North during the Civil War, the states > which did not secede. > VERBATIM - Word for word; in the same words, verbally. > VITAL RECORDS - Records of birth, death, marriage or divorce. > VITAL STATISTICS - Data dealing with birth, death, marriage or divorce. > WAR BETWEEN THE STATES - U.S. Civil War, 1861 - 1865. > WARD - Chiefly the division of a city for election purposes. > WILL - Document declaring how a person wants his property divided after his > death. > WITNESS - One who is present at a transaction, such as a sale of land or > signing of a will, who can testify or affirm that it actually took place. > WPA HISTORICAL RECORDS SURVEY - A program undertaken by the US Government > 1935 - 1936 in which inventories were compiled of historical material. > YEOMAN - A servant, an attendant or subordinate official in a royal > household; a subordinate of a sheriff; an independent farmer. > >

Subject: Confusing Definitions in history > CONFUSING DEFINITIONS in history: > Mistress - Not necessarily a married woman. A term of respect for any > married woman. > Gentleman - Might be used to describe a retired man of wealth or education. > Housekeeper - Once meant property owner and could be used for male or > female. > Domestic - Once meant a housewife and not necessarily a servant. > Inmate - As used in the Pennsylvania Archives, refers to a man living in the > home of another person - not necessarily a person in an institution. It may > also mean someone who did not own the real estate on which he resided. > Freeman - As used in Pennsylvania Archives, meant a young man not yet > married. > Alias - Usually meant illegitimacy. The surname of the father and mother > were jointed. It did not have a criminal meaning. > Senior or Junior - These terms did not necessarily refer to father and son. > If two men in the same town had the same name, the older was "Senior" and > the younger "Junior" even if they weren't related. In earlier times, a > Father might have done the same in naming his sons. > Niece - This could refer to any female relative but usually a granddaughter. > Nephew - This could refer to an illegitimate son but usually a grandson. > Cousin - A cousin might be a nephew or uncle. > Brother - This term could refer to an adopted brother but could also mean an > in-law or lodge or Church brother. > Domestic - A wife could be called a domestic because she was "at home". > Crazy - Usually meant a person who was ill or in generally poor health, not > necessarily mentally ill. > >