Dear Ion, Cannot remember which list this shd be going to! Sorry other listers. Try A2A (Access to Archives), the National Library of Wales, and Lambeth Palace Library (the last, email enquiries, I think). I have not had any luck on the IGI or Mormon census databases. Perhaps Thomas Arnold was not actually born in Monmouth at all... Just thinking, father Francis a clergyman... peripatetic lifestyle... possibly changing parish often in the early years... Thomas could have been raised in Monmouthshire but not born there?? Also, to explain why no Thomases apparently appear on the Mormon 1881 census, maybe Thomas was "farmed out" to relatives or a school? You know that when Thomas married, father Francis had died... You could check central probate records going backwards for a Francis but may take a long time! Ancestry.com have the 1871 census... Any Francis Williams, clergymen on there? Or Mary Woolleys? I also wondered whether Francis was a Forces Chaplain - like father, like son? This might explain the paucity of info apparent?? I think overall, it is worth going first to Anglican records and Lambeth Palace will,i am sure, be able to help. I think you may find some info on your Francis Williams that could lead you to a will, obituary and possibly info on where he hailed from. Yours, Ian London SW9