need any info on samuel wise, decorah area in iowa, married catherine, my g.grandf, thanks!

Sorry, cain't help. Bill At 12:15 PM 4/21/99 +1000, you wrote: >Can any one help I,m am looking for the parents or any info about Thomas >Mardling Wise and his Wife Mary Bell, They can to Austrailia in the 1850,s >poss from Huntingdonshire as a married couple, Thank you Vida, > > >

Hi all-- I have found my Barbara's father is John Anyone have links to thid family: 1) John WEISS of PA + ? 2) Barbara WEISS b c 1760 Tulp., Berks Co, PA + Geo Peter BATDORF b 1763 thank you, Marc Seeking parentage (Penna.): (Mary) Cath STEINER Batdorf (c1780-aft1830 Berks>Daup), Wm FRANTZ (c1750-1805 Daup), Saml PETERS (c1821-c1870 Daup), Jacob RUDY (c1760-? Lanc>Daup), MaryAnn SWARTZ Peters (b1820-1897 Jun't>Daup), Cath UMBEHAUER Wertz (1790-1864 N'land/Lanc) ___________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Can any one help I,m am looking for the parents or any info about Thomas Mardling Wise and his Wife Mary Bell, They can to Austrailia in the 1850,s poss from Huntingdonshire as a married couple, Thank you Vida,

Mitch, that'sa great website. Ruth Hoese ----- Original Message ----- From: mitchlwise <mitchlwise@tusco.net> To: <WISE-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, April 19, 1999 3:54 PM Subject: Re: John Wise/Williams Co, OH > Wise research Page for this John Wise of Williams County, ohio at- > > http://web.tusco.net/wisenct/W-WilliamsCounty.htm > > > Mitch Wise >

Sorry, my family was the WISE family. Bill At 09:29 PM 4/19/99 EDT, you wrote: >WEISS, STEIN, STEINER, BATDORF > >I am seeking info on this family: >1) Barbara WEISS b c 1760 (Berks?, PA) >+ George Peter BATDORF b c 1763 > 2) Peter Batdorf (c1790PA-1829PA) > + (Maria) Catherine STEIN/STEINER (c1770-90PA-aft1830) > 3) Peter Batdorf b 1814 > + Elizabeth WELKER b 1812 > >I'd like to find Barbara WEISS' birthplace and parentage > >Thanks, Marc > > >Seeking parentage (Penna.): >(Mary) Cath STEINER Batdorf (c1768-aft1830 Berks>Daup), Wm FRANTZ >(c1750-1805 Daup), Saml PETERS (c1821-c1870 Daup), Jacob RUDY (c1760-? >Lanc>Daup), MaryAnn SWARTZ Peters (b1820-1897 Jun't>Daup), Cath >UNDERHOLD(Z) Wertz (1790-1864 N'land/Lanc) > >___________________________________________________________________ >You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. >Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html >or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866] > > >

Hi, my wife is Barbara Weiss but is about ten years younger the one you are looking for. Good luck. I have a Barbara Hoffman who married Johann Paul Weiss in 1740 in Bavaria. My problem is that I have found at least four men with the same name, but I can't identify the one I am related to. Dick Weiss in Cayucos, California

WEISS, STEIN, STEINER, BATDORF I am seeking info on this family: 1) Barbara WEISS b c 1760 (Berks?, PA) + George Peter BATDORF b c 1763 2) Peter Batdorf (c1790PA-1829PA) + (Maria) Catherine STEIN/STEINER (c1770-90PA-aft1830) 3) Peter Batdorf b 1814 + Elizabeth WELKER b 1812 I'd like to find Barbara WEISS' birthplace and parentage Thanks, Marc Seeking parentage (Penna.): (Mary) Cath STEINER Batdorf (c1768-aft1830 Berks>Daup), Wm FRANTZ (c1750-1805 Daup), Saml PETERS (c1821-c1870 Daup), Jacob RUDY (c1760-? Lanc>Daup), MaryAnn SWARTZ Peters (b1820-1897 Jun't>Daup), Cath UNDERHOLD(Z) Wertz (1790-1864 N'land/Lanc) ___________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Wise research Page for this John Wise of Williams County, ohio at- http://web.tusco.net/wisenct/W-WilliamsCounty.htm Mitch Wise

Hello to The WISE LIST, WILLIAM WISEsr., Oct 1783 d-31 mar 1872 Married LUCINDA ETHERTON b-ca 1794d- ca1829. They were married in Culpeper, CO... VA. May 1815. They removed to Franklin, CO. KY. shortly thereafter and had the following issue: ELIZABETH ANN WISE abt. 1816 CATHERINE MARY WISE abt 1816 EMMELINE MARGARET WISE abt.1817 WILLIAM WISE JR. abt 1820 NANCY E. WISE abt 1823 JOHN ANDERSON WISE abt 1823 SAMUEL WISE abt 1826 MARY WISE abt 1829 WILLIAM WISE SR. Remarried JULIA ANN LONG 11 Aug 1835 in Franklin, CO. KY after Lucinda passed away. Julia Long was born in KY abt 1798 and died 1873. The children born to William and Julia were: BENJAMIN WISE ABT 1837 JAMES WISE abt 1841 LEANDER WISE abt 1842 JOSIAH WISE abt 1843 MARTHA WISE 1845 The book "GENEALOGICAL and HISTORICAL NOTES ON CULPEPER CO. VA" by RELEIGH TRAVERS GREEN Published 1900 Lists some early Marriages of Culpeper County. Virginia. William Wise to Lucinda Etherton 1816 Jas.Wise to Sally Etherington 1806 Manning Wise to Elizabeth Barbour 1793 Cuthbert Wise to Mary Thornton 1816 Jno.Wise to Dolly Morris 1797 Questions for the list: Does anyone have the Parents and Siblings of William Wise Sr, Lucinda Etherton, and Julia Ann Long? Are the WISE'S listed above related if so how? Are Jas.Wise and Manning Wise Brothers? or are they more distant Relatives? Is Cuthbert Wise the son of Manning? Is William the Son of Jno.or they related in some way or no way?I thank the listowners for letting me place this long posting. Does Anyone have the answers to these questions? again thanks in advance Mason POE, Sr.

D and C, Sorry I cain't make a connection. Bill At 09:37 ------- 4/11/99 -0700, you wrote: >Howdy All, >I'm also looking for a John Wise in Ohio (my gg grandfather) >and here's my Wise(s). >Descendants of John Wise >1 John Wise b: prob.1820-1830 in Bryan, Williams Co, >OH >. +Sarah Seidel b: 1826 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH d: Nov >1882 Occupation: housewife & property trader; maiden name >may have been Sidell or Siedel >..... 2 Amanda Ann Wise b: 16 Aug 1848 in Bryan, Williams >Co, OH; d: 7 May 1922 in Spencer, Clay Co, IA; Buried: in >Spencer, IA Riverside Cemetery (just N of Vet. Mem); in 1922 >lived at 244 W First St, Spencer, IA ; r: Methodist >........ +George Horatio Wilson b: 19 Jun 1840 in Plymouth, >Richland Co, OH m: 11 Feb 1864 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH; d: >21 Mar 1910 in Spencer, Clay Co, IA; Buried: in Spencer, IA >Riverside Cemetery (just N of Vet Mem); Occupation: farmer >and property trader; Oct 1909 moved into Spencer, IA when >health failed; 1900 moved to Dickinson Co, IA; 1879 moved >to Lincoln twp. near Rossie, south of Spencer, Clay Co, IA; >1869 moved to Boone Co, IA; 1865 Civil War Vet.-Co. C, 152nd >Indiana Volunteers; 1864 following wedding moved to Noble >Co, IN; 1861 enlisted & was orderly in a Indiana Infantry >Reg.; 1860 moved to Lisbon, IN; r: Methodist >..... 2 Marie Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922 >........ +? Schiffler >..... 2 Arminda Wise d: Aft 7 May 1922 no children >........ +? Neff >..... 2 Mary Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922; had 9 boys & 1 >girl; lived in Jeromeville, OH >........ +Davis Hootman >..... 2 Allie Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922 >........ +? Showalter >********************* >Any connections, anybody? >-- >Don & Carmen (Pickering) Huling <dhuling@gte.net> Kent, WA >Researching: >HULING from Suffolk, Engl-1619 >PICKERING from PEI, Can-1750 >WILSON from Lincs, Engl-1775 >MCVAY from OH-1830 >CUMMINS from Lancaster Co, OH-1785 >WOOD from Engl-1824 >STEPHENSON from EYK, Engl-1765 >BRYSON from Lancaster Co, PA-1812 > >Today genealogy requires the following: >1. a BIG eraser >2. a BIG bottle of aspirin >3. a BIG crystal ball >4. the use of the words: probable, possible, maybe, >perhaps >5. quessing ability when all else fails >6. Bourbon and/or your favorite. >--author unknown > > > >

Fred, I have tried to connect our Wise families, but just caint make it fit. Names are are the same, but just caint do it. I do show a Augustus born 1806, in Oglethorpe Co GA, died after 1870 married to Michael "Micca" Wise. Augustus's parents were Joel Wise and Jane Stewart, and Michael's was Jacob Wise and Elizabeth Hubbard(my line). Your line may be from the VAlentine Wise line who were also in Butts Co. at the same time. Let me know what you think. Bill At 02:49 PM 4/11/99 -0600, you wrote: >I continue to seek information on Joe (Josiah in the 1880 Butts Co census, >Joel in the 1870 Jasper Co census), married to Martha Edwards Wise ca 1850, >who's son James Henry Wise (1870-1957 [all dates are subject to the >vageries of memory]) is my great grandfather. Joe's obituary appeared in >the March 1905 (or it could be 03) Argus for Jackson, GA. If the dates for >the census are any where correct, he would have been born about 1830. >According to the federal mortality census of 1880, Martha died of >consumption, and apparantly shortly after, Joe moved the family to Butts, >just down the road from Augustus Wise, then in his seventies or early >eighties. I surmise that Augustus is either Joe's father or his uncle >(since Joe and Martha also named a son Augustus (who prefered for some >reason to be called Gus) now buried at the Liberty Baptist cemetary on the >road to High Falls). According to the 1850 or 40 Jasper census, Joe is >living with an elderly couple named Burge (this same Burge was a witness to >Joel Wise's will, posted on the net as part of the Butts Gen web site or >some related site [again the absence of my notes when writing this letter, >for which I apologize]). I'm curious about the nativity and life of Joe, >the relationship of the Burges, the interplay between the Jasper and Butts >Wise families, and the manner of life of Augustus and Joe (apparantly >wounded at Chickamagua(sp) and having signed an amnesty oath ca 1865). >The Wise's seem to have entered the Butts/Jasper area from VA around the >Chesapeake, migrating to the Augusta area before the Revolution and to have >prized education (if Joel's will is any indication, his providing for the >education of his youngest sons at a local academy), but a story I hear >about my great grandfather Jim was his antagonism towards education, >perhaps an indication of his espousal of Landmark Baptist views, which were >popular during the last part of the 19th century. > >Thanks for any help you can provide on this question. >Fred Wise > > >

Listmembers, I am sending this to you in case anyone missed the announcement on this week's Rootsweb Review. Jim, listowner ------------------------------------------------------------------------ * * * * * NEWS AND NOTES FROM ROOTSWEB THREADED LIST ARCHIVES ARE NOW AVAILABLE. Now you can read 122,813 messages from 877 mailing lists using your Web browser by visiting <http://archiver.rootsweb.com/>. All those messages are from just three months of beta tests -- watch this archives grow with its public debut. This is a remarkably comfortable way to browse through the posts that have been made to the lists. Be sure to use the integrated search engine to find what you are looking for. To use the Archiver you will need to pick a user name and password and you will need to accept a cookie. The reason for passwords and cookies is to keep spammers' e-mail address harvesters *out* of the archives. Because of this password-and- cookie feature, listowners can set up lists to be archived with confidence that they are *not* exposing posters' addresses to spammers. We encourage all RootsWeb listowners to visit the Archiver and then include their lists in the archives. The next step is to start making old list messages available. Thanks to Marc Nozell for implementing the threaded archives. It's great work. * * *

My database which contains quite a bit of Wise info from VA, GA, FL, and AL is at: http://members.xoom.com/JCuthriell/.epb/family.htm Unless you cut and paste, you need to be aware that there is a "dot" before "epb". It must be there to reach the site. There are around 13,000 names contained here including BROWN, WALL, WILSON, NOLAN, DAVIS, RUTLEDGE, ROBERTSON, CAMP, PEEBLES, WISE, YATES, CUTHRIELL, PEADEN, WILKINSON, HENDERSON, ARD, and many more. Take a look and if you find a connection, let me know. I will be glad to share the info. Jeanette

My database which contains quite a bit of Browns from VA, GA, AL is at: http://members.xoom.com/JCuthriell/.epb/family.htm Unless you cut and paste, you need to be aware that there is a "dot" before "epb". It must be there to reach the site. There are around 13,000 names contained here including BROWN, WALL, WILSON, NOLAN, DAVIS, RUTLEDGE, ROBERTSON, CAMP, PEEBLES, WISE, YATES, CUTHRIELL, PEADEN, WILKINSON, HENDERSON, ARD, and many more. Take a look and if you find a connection, let me know. I will be glad to share the info. Jeanette

Descendants of Jacob Weis 1 Jacob Weis b??? - 1825 of Union County Pennsylvania .......... 2 William Wise 1802 - 1878 of Summit County Ohio .............. +Catharine 1823 - ...................... 3 Elizabeth Wise 1831 - .......................... +Henry Brumbaugh ...................... 3 Samuel Wise 1834 - 1900 .......................... +Catherine Kepler 1836 - 1911 .................................. 4 Franklin Wise 1857 - .................................. 4 William Wise 1859 - .................................. 4 Mary Wise 1863 - .................................. 4 Samuel Wise, Jr. 1865 - 1890 .................................. 4 (infant death) ??? 1866 - 1866 .................................. 4 Adam E.Wise 1868 - 1934 ...................................... +Margaret Catherine Ewald 1869 - 1956 .............................................. 5 Russell Edward Wise 1901 - 1961 .................................................. +Beulah Naomi Thompson 1902 - .......................................................... 6 Phillip Edward Wise 1930 - 1983 .............................................................. +Phyllis Kay Jenkinson 1934 - ...................................................................... 7 Patrick E Wise 1959 - .......................................................................... +Melinda Rhea Barrett 1961 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Elizabeth Rhea Wise 1985 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Lauren Kay Wise 1988 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Isaac Barrett Wise 1994 - ...................................................................... 7 Steven E Wise 1953 - .......................................................................... +Kim Laine Reece 1959 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Sara Ann Wise 1985 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Samuel Edward Wise 1989 - ...................................................................... 7 Teresa Ann Wise 1956 - .......................................................................... +John Hebebrand 1953 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Todd Hebebrand 1986 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Tess Hebebrand 1988 - ...................................................................... 7 Catherine Elaine Wise 1960 - .......................................................................... +Bradley Scott Bickham 1962 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Kelsey Kay Bickham 1990 - .......................................................... 6 Richard Earl Wise 1932 - .............................................................. +Mary Sandford Monson 1939 - ...................................................................... 7 Jennifer Redding Wise 1965 - .......................................................................... +Kevin Duane Bodey 1965 - .............................................................................. .... 8 Aaron Earl Bodey 1990 - ...................................................................... 7 Amy Burman Wise 1973 - ...................................................................... 7 Andrew Russell Wise 1974 - .............................................. 5 Lochren Wilfred Wise 1893 - 1957 .................................................. +Lura Norene Croco 1897 - .......................................................... 6 Lochren Adam Wise 1918 - .......................................................... 6 Robert Dale 1920 - .......................................................... 6 Donald Earl 1924 - .......................................................... 6 Rosamond Elaine .............................................. 5 DeVere Athalbert Wise 1895 - 1970 .................................................. +Effie Marie Hooker 1897 - 1987 .......................................................... 6 Walter Wayne Wise 1918 - .......................................................... 6 Effie LaVerne Wise 1920 - .......................................................... 6 Wilma Jean Wise 1922 - .......................................................... 6 Margaret Emma Wise 1924 - .......................................................... 6 Virginia Faye Wise 1927 - .......................................................... 6 Elizabeth Arlene Wise 1931 - .............................................................. +Lowell Eugene Sowers .............................................. 5 Walter Andrew Wise 1897 - 1975 .................................................. +Dulcie Hewitt 1908 - 1984 .......................................................... 6 Clara Mildred Wise (infant death) 1930 - .......................................................... 6 Walter Hewitt Wise 1932 - .......................................................... 6 Roger Bruce 1936 - .......................................................... 6 Ronald Wise 1938 - .............................................. 5 Amelia Wise 1899 - .................................. 4 Hiram Wise 1871 - 1892 .................................. 4 Fidelia Wise 1876 - ...................... 3 Mary Wise 1836 - .......................... +John J. Kyser ...................... 3 Susannah Wise 1839 - .......................... +Abraham Miller ...................... 3 William J. Wise 1840 - .......................... +Mary A. Bower .................................. 4 Norman Wise 1865 - ...................................... +Rose Wolfe .............................................. 5 Daisy G. Wise .............................................. 5 Norman Wise .............................................. 5 Marion ...................... 3 Lydia Wise 1841 - .......................... +Abraham Wilhelm ...................... 3 Catharine A. Wise 1843 - .......................... +William G. Royer ...................... 3 Rebecca Wise 1845 - .......................... +Samuel Harring ...................... 3 Jacob Wise 1846 - 1909 .......................... +Martha Elizabeth Gigger .................................. 4 William Oliver Wise 1875 - .................................. 4 Idella Ray Wise 1877 - ...................... 3 George Washington Wise 1849 - .......................... +Leah Ann Fosinger .......... 2 Elizabeth Wise .......... 2 Catharine Wise .......... 2 Maria Wise .......... 2 Jacob Wise .......... 2 John Wise .......... 2 Barbara Wise

I continue to seek information on Joe (Josiah in the 1880 Butts Co census, Joel in the 1870 Jasper Co census), married to Martha Edwards Wise ca 1850, who's son James Henry Wise (1870-1957 [all dates are subject to the vageries of memory]) is my great grandfather. Joe's obituary appeared in the March 1905 (or it could be 03) Argus for Jackson, GA. If the dates for the census are any where correct, he would have been born about 1830. According to the federal mortality census of 1880, Martha died of consumption, and apparantly shortly after, Joe moved the family to Butts, just down the road from Augustus Wise, then in his seventies or early eighties. I surmise that Augustus is either Joe's father or his uncle (since Joe and Martha also named a son Augustus (who prefered for some reason to be called Gus) now buried at the Liberty Baptist cemetary on the road to High Falls). According to the 1850 or 40 Jasper census, Joe is living with an elderly couple named Burge (this same Burge was a witness to Joel Wise's will, posted on the net as part of the Butts Gen web site or some related site [again the absence of my notes when writing this letter, for which I apologize]). I'm curious about the nativity and life of Joe, the relationship of the Burges, the interplay between the Jasper and Butts Wise families, and the manner of life of Augustus and Joe (apparantly wounded at Chickamagua(sp) and having signed an amnesty oath ca 1865). The Wise's seem to have entered the Butts/Jasper area from VA around the Chesapeake, migrating to the Augusta area before the Revolution and to have prized education (if Joel's will is any indication, his providing for the education of his youngest sons at a local academy), but a story I hear about my great grandfather Jim was his antagonism towards education, perhaps an indication of his espousal of Landmark Baptist views, which were popular during the last part of the 19th century. Thanks for any help you can provide on this question. Fred Wise

Howdy All, I'm also looking for a John Wise in Ohio (my gg grandfather) and here's my Wise(s). Descendants of John Wise 1 John Wise b: prob.1820-1830 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH . +Sarah Seidel b: 1826 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH d: Nov 1882 Occupation: housewife & property trader; maiden name may have been Sidell or Siedel ..... 2 Amanda Ann Wise b: 16 Aug 1848 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH; d: 7 May 1922 in Spencer, Clay Co, IA; Buried: in Spencer, IA Riverside Cemetery (just N of Vet. Mem); in 1922 lived at 244 W First St, Spencer, IA ; r: Methodist ........ +George Horatio Wilson b: 19 Jun 1840 in Plymouth, Richland Co, OH m: 11 Feb 1864 in Bryan, Williams Co, OH; d: 21 Mar 1910 in Spencer, Clay Co, IA; Buried: in Spencer, IA Riverside Cemetery (just N of Vet Mem); Occupation: farmer and property trader; Oct 1909 moved into Spencer, IA when health failed; 1900 moved to Dickinson Co, IA; 1879 moved to Lincoln twp. near Rossie, south of Spencer, Clay Co, IA; 1869 moved to Boone Co, IA; 1865 Civil War Vet.-Co. C, 152nd Indiana Volunteers; 1864 following wedding moved to Noble Co, IN; 1861 enlisted & was orderly in a Indiana Infantry Reg.; 1860 moved to Lisbon, IN; r: Methodist ..... 2 Marie Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922 ........ +? Schiffler ..... 2 Arminda Wise d: Aft 7 May 1922 no children ........ +? Neff ..... 2 Mary Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922; had 9 boys & 1 girl; lived in Jeromeville, OH ........ +Davis Hootman ..... 2 Allie Wise d: Bef 7 May 1922 ........ +? Showalter ********************* Any connections, anybody? -- Don & Carmen (Pickering) Huling <dhuling@gte.net> Kent, WA Researching: HULING from Suffolk, Engl-1619 PICKERING from PEI, Can-1750 WILSON from Lincs, Engl-1775 MCVAY from OH-1830 CUMMINS from Lancaster Co, OH-1785 WOOD from Engl-1824 STEPHENSON from EYK, Engl-1765 BRYSON from Lancaster Co, PA-1812 Today genealogy requires the following: 1. a BIG eraser 2. a BIG bottle of aspirin 3. a BIG crystal ball 4. the use of the words: probable, possible, maybe, perhaps 5. quessing ability when all else fails 6. Bourbon and/or your favorite. --author unknown

I am looking for information on my ancestor, Mary A. WISE who I know next to nothing about. She was b. abt. 1805 in Strasbourg, Germany (?). She married Joseph CROMER/CRAMER bet. 1820 - 1830 in Germany. They had at least 2 daughters, Pauline V. Cromer/Cramer b. abt. 1832 and Theresa. Pauline, my great-great grandmother, married Francis J. Bridges 06 April, 1858 in NYC and they lived there in NYC. Pauline was listed as coming from Rochester, NY. on her marriage license. Her death certificate states that she was born in Strasburg, Alsace, France in 1832. She died 23 November, 1885 in NYC of cancer. Her death certificate also said she immigrated from France to NY in 1850. If anyone knows of any WISE families in the Strasbourg area, please contact me. Thanks, Julie

At 12:42 PM 4/10/99 -0700, billhorn wrote: >My WISE family came from VA. to Georgia and parts beyound. >Bill >At 11:01 ------- 4/8/99 -0500, you wrote: >>I'm new to the Wise list...I'm looking for information on the WISE clan >>from Winona, Minnesota. If anyone has WISE ancestors from Winona, >>Minnesota, please contact me. Thanks! >> >>Jacob Wise GERMANY > New York > Missouri > Minnesota. >> >>Jacob Wise (b. abt 1834, d. bef. 1880) married Catherine Schmidt/Smith >>and they had two children, Julius (b. 1857) and Margaret (b. 1862), in New >>York. They moved to Utica, Livingston County, Missouri and had four more >>children, George, Caroline, John Martin, and Thomas Edward. Jacob Wise >>served in the Civil War. Jacob died before 1880, because Catherine Wise and >>the children are listed without him on the 1880 Missouri census. Catherine >>and family came to Winona, Minnesota in about 1882-3 and are listed on the >>1885 Winona census. Several of the Wises worked for the Railroad as >>blacksmiths, yardmen, or hostlers. >> >> >> > > >