Thanks, Gregory, for the interesting information. I'll look up some of your references. Gayle Mitchell Vancouver BC gayle_bill_mitchell@compuserve.com I don't have precise information, but FRIZZAL (various spellings) was one of the families of "Palatine Irish," German Protestants who fled French harrassment and the destruction of Rhine vinyards in the bitter winter of 1708/9---some 10K took up Queen Anne's expressions of support and came to London--whence most were sent to Pennsylvania, where they wished to go. ..... Gregory A. Finnegan, PhD gregory_finnegan@harvard.edu