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    1. [VA-SOUTHSIDE-L] Re: Manumission for Whites??
    2. There has been a brief discussion on the list of indentures in Virginia. The literature on indentures seems somewhat sparse, but one can get a good idea of some of these indentures, at least in the very early days in Northern Neck Virginia, from rather recently published books of W. Preston Haynie, *Northumberland County, Virginia Apprenticeships.* They were published not too long ago by Heritage Books, Bowie, MD. You will find them listed on the online Family History Library Catalog I cannot locate my slim Vol. I at the moment so do not recall the exact terms used, but I seem to recall that once in a while a *manumitted* servant sued his former employer (if that term can be used) for failing to live up to the terms of the indenture. Some of the children were hauled into court, and the court declared the age of the child (without any proof, it seems) and then the child probably had to serve until he or she was of legal age. These abstracts are quite enlightening. When one thinks of the cruelty involved, one has to think, *How were things back in the Old Country*, as my English grandmother used to call England. I'm old enough that my Dad read to us at bedtime, and some of his favorites were John Ruskin and Charles Dickens. Think of the social conditions portrayed in those books! I believe there is an older book by Daniel Boorstein (former Librarian at Library of Congress) on white indentures. I gave my copy away to a graduate student! E.W.Wallace southern California

    04/29/2001 06:07:34