Hello, Some of the information regarding the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is incorrect and may be misleading. Between 1795 and 1814, the Duchy of Luxembourg was one of the nine departments (Department des Forets) of the French Republic. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814, Luxembourg became a sovereign state and was assigned personal union with William I, King of the Netherlands. As part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Luxembourg relinquished its eastern territory to Prussia. In compensation, the Duchy of Luxembourg was elevated to Grand Duchy status. At the Treaty of London in 1831, Luxembourg ceded its western territory to the establishment of the Kingdom of Belgium. This western Luxembourg area became Luxembourg Province, the ninth province of Belgium. The Kingdom of the Netherlands controlled Luxembourg until 1867 when Luxembourg was declared neutral and independent. It is because of these boundary changes that Luxembourgers were thought to be from Holland or France or Germany. The true Luxembourger knew all along he was a Luxembourger. Regards, Karen B. Whitmer