Chicamoga Indians Research Notes:The Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794) were a series of back-and-forth raids, campaigns, ambushes, minor skirmishes, and several full-scale frontier battles which were a continuation of the Cherokee (Ani-Yunwiya, Ani-Kituwa, Tsalagi, Talligewi) struggle against encroachment into their territory by American frontiersmen from the former British colonies, and, until the end of the American Revolution, their contribution to the war effort as British allies. After 1786, they also fought along with and as members of the Western Confederacy. Open warfare broke out in the summer of 1776 between the Cherokee led by Dragging Canoe (a group first called the "Chickamauga" or "Chickamauga-Cherokee" by the colonials, and later the "Lower Cherokee") and frontier settlers along the Watauga, Holston, Nolichucky, and Doe Rivers in East Tennessee. It later spread to those along the Cumberland River in Middle Tennessee and in Kentucky, as well as the colonies (later states) of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The earliest phase of these conflicts, ending with the treaties of 1777, is sometimes called the "Second Cherokee War", a reference to the earlier Anglo-Cherokee War. Since Dragging Canoe was the dominant leader in both phases of the conflict, referring to the period as "Dragging Canoe's War" would be more accurate. Dragging Canoe and his warriors fought alongside and in conjunction with Indians from a number of other tribes both in the South and in the Northwest (most often Muscogee Creek in the former and Shawnee in the latter); enjoyed the support of, first, the British (often with participation of British agents and regular soldiers) and, second, the Spanish; and were founding members of the Native Americans' Western Confederacy. Though the Americans used "Chickamauga" as a label to define the Cherokee followers of Dragging Canoe, as distinct from Cherokee who abided by the peace treaties of 1777, there was never a separate tribe of "Chickamauga". The mixed-race man, Richard Fields, explained this to the Moravian missionary Brother Steiner, when the latter met with him at Tellico Blockhouse.[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickamauga_wars Chickamauga (Tsǐkăma'gi, a word apparently of foreign origin and probably Shawnee, Creek, or Chickasaw). The name given to a band of Cherokee who espoused the English cause in the war of the Revolution and moved far down on Tennessee River, establishing new settlements on Chickamauga Creek, in the neighborhood of the present Chattanooga. Under this name they soon became noted for their uncompromising and never ceasing hostility. In 1782 their towns were destroyed by Sevier and Campbell, and they moved farther down the river, establishing what were afterward known as the "five lower towns," Running Water, Nickajack, Long Island, Crow Town, and Lookout Mountain Town. Here they were continually recruited by Creeks, Shawnee, and white Tories, until they were estimated to number a thousand warriors. They continued hostilities against the Tennessee settlements until 1794, when their towns were destroyed. http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/cherokee/chickamaugahist.htm Research Notes The Chickamauga or Lower Cherokee, were a band of Cherokee who supported Great Britain at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. They were followers of Cherokee chief Dragging Canoe. In the winter of 1776/1777, he and they moved down the Tennessee River away from the historic Overhill Cherokee towns, establishing almost a dozen new isolated "towns". The frontiers people often referred to them as "Chickamaugas" after the name of the new town where Dragging Canoe resided. After they moved further west and southwest five years later, they were more commonly known as the "Lower Cherokee" after the "Five Lower Towns" originally making up the new settlement. However, they never at anytime considered themselves a separate people. Indeed, Richard Fields, a minor leader of the so-called "Chickamauga", was asked by a Moravian missionary Brother Steiner "What kind of people are the Chickamauga?"; in reply, Fields laughed and said "They are Cherokee, and we know no difference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickamauga_Indian Salt Licks in Davidson County, Research Notes Davidson County is the oldest county in Middle Tennessee. It dates to 1783, when the North Carolina legislature created the county and named it in honor of William Lee Davidson, a North Carolina officer who died in the Revolutionary War on January 1, 1782. The county seat, Nashville, is also the oldest permanent white settlement in Middle Tennessee, founded by James Robertson and John Donelson during the winter of 1779-80. The initial white settlers established the Cumberland Compact in order to establish a basic rule of law and to protect their land titles. Through much of the early 1780s the settlers also faced a hostile response from Native American tribes. As the county's many known archaeological sites attest, the resources of Davidson County had attracted Native Americans for centuries. In fact, the first whites to encounter the area were fur traders, then long hunters, who came to a large salt lick, known as French Lick, in present-day Nashville to trade with Native Americans and to hunt the abundant game http://www.facebook.com/pages/Davidson-County-Tennessee/138166789541616 French Lick, Davidson County Research Notes Tennessee (Davidson County), Nashville — Founding of Nashville On Monday, April 24, 1780, two pioneers, James Robertson and John Donelson, shook hands upon the completion of a reunion at the site on which you now stand. Each man, one by land, the other by water, played out in a two-fold plan for a new settlement that grew into present-day Nashville. Robertson, at the head of his mounted band of 226 frontiersmen, traversed the long, circuitous overland route through Kentucky and Tennessee down to the Great Salt Lick. His group arrived on Christmas Day, . . . — Map (db m24379) http://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?County=Davidson%20County&State=TennesseeResearch Notes Tennessee (Davidson County), Nashville — 3A-36 — Cockrill Spring The house of John Cockrill, an early settler, stood about 60 yards north, near a large spring, whose waters ran northeast into Lick Branch, which emptied Great Salt Lick, around which Nashville was founded. A blacksmith shop stood under the great oak tree nearby. The spring was a stopping place for travelers along Natchez Trace. — Map (db m12765 http://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?County=Davidson%20County&State=Tennessee Research Notes General James Randolph Robertson removed to the settlements into what becomes Tennessee, his sister is married to a Johnson who died at French Lick 1779 Dec. 6 Michael Rogers, "... a Witness thereto...," proved a bond before the Wake County Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, in the amount of £1000, "...from James Robertson, John Robertson Charles Robertson & David Johnston to Dempsey Powell ..."for the remaining interests in the Neuse River land http://www.robertson-ancestry.com/1221-vg-02.htm Research Notes A Kinsman of one of my McElyea fore fathers one Great Grand Uncle James McElyea first settled lands in what becomes the State of will be found on the boats of Research Notes Col. Donnellson’s flotilla which began December 22, 1778, James McElyea was killed by Indians in 1785 near French Lick. (per the book written by Clara Bell Hunter McElye’a in Transient) On 1801 Feb 26: A deed was renewed for the lands of my Forefather Hudson Johnson, which shows he bought lands on fifth day of September 1784 from Stockley Donelson the son of Col John Donelson who with my Kinsman General James Randolph Robertson will found the Watauga Settlement of what becomes the Sate of Tennessee. Research Notes Abner Johnson ( Brother of Gideon Johnson) and his family likely came to Nashville in November 1788, with his sister Mary Ursula Pillow and her family. Abner is mentioned in Rockingham land records in 1786 and 1787, but no later; his son Abner Jr. told census takers he was born in TN in 1792; and Davidson Co. court records of the early 1790s refer to Abner Sr. In that era, little of the state was settled except for the eastern mountain counties and the Red River communities around Nashville, also known as Nashboro or French Lick. March 17. 1792 Issued Certificates Viz. James Glasgow esquire Secretary of the State 1432 Captain James WHite: Services against the Chicamoga Indians L81:17:6 Research Notes James White is credited as the founder of Knoxville. Lee From: johnsondna@att.net Research Notes The Baird ( some times spelled Beard) surname was in Lincoln County NC early on. White was in Burke county NC Some of them were court officials and may be related to the White on your list. Some of these men might have rev war pensions. If you have a footnote account, rev war records are on line. notsogringa@aol.com Research Notes Charles McClung’s name is very prevalent in early Knox Co. TN History. The Historical Collection there is named for him and his signature appears on many early Knox documents. He is mentioned many time in Mary Rothrock’s “The French Broad Holston Country. He was the surveyor of Knox County, appointed by Governor Willie Blount. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, Clerk of Knox Co. Court. Rothrock lists him as born May 13, 1761 in Lancaster PA, died Aug 9, 1835. He married Margret White, eldest dau of James White, founder of Knoxville., TN. There is much more including a biography of him on pg 496-497 in Rothrock’s book also information on James White who is also reported to be a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The Fort in Knoxville is named James White Fort and is maintained by Robert A. McGinnis who could tell you everything about James White that you would ever want to know. From: ghjohns@msn.com Research Notes General James White Birth: 08 AUG 1747 in Rowan County, North Carolina Death: 14 AUG 1822 in Knox County, Tennessee Married: 14 Apr 1770 in , Rowan, North Carolina Mary LAWSON reported daughter of Hugh LAWSON: he is reported son of Moses White and wife Mary McConnell Daughter Margaret WHITE Birth: 08 APR 1771 in Iredell County, North Carolina Death: 27 AUG 1827 married Charles McCLung Birth: 13 MAY 1761 in Rowan County, North Carolina Death: 19 AUG 1830 in Kentucky reported son of Mathew MCCLUNG and Martha Cunningham: See Chrles McClung below in this REV. WAR VET report Reported Son is Hugh Lawson WhIte 30 Oct 1773 in , Rowan, North Carolina, reported son is Moses White Birth: 22 Apr 1775 in in city, Rowan, North Carolina reported daughter is Melinda WHite Birth: 15 Feb 1789 in Knoxville, Knox, Tennessee married John Williams Birth: 29 Jan 1778 in Surry County, Virginia reported father is Col. Joseph Williams Birth: 17 Mar 1748 and wife Rebecca Lanier: Reported Grandparents are Nathaniel Williams and wife Elizabeth Washington: Rebecca Lanier is reported daughter of Researchers Notes There are errors in the White, Williams, Lanier genealogy in this report. Evelyn Rowland From: erowla@sbcglobal.net