John, The copy of the GEDCOM 5.5 standard available at http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pmcbride/gedcom/55gcch2.htm#INDIVIDU AL_RECORD seems to indicate that there can be zero to multiple FAMC records +1 <<CHILD_TO_FAMILY_LINK>> {0:M} Wouldn't this allow for the recording of birth and adopted families? Martin