In a message dated 12/27/2005 11:30:46 A.M. Central Standard Time, wolf.seelentag@swissonline.ch writes: I can recommend LEO - the dictionary: http://dict.leo.org/?lang=de&lp=ende Thank you Wolf, for the site to learn umlaut pronunciations. I knew that there was no Swiss German per se. I did not know that there were dialects called Basel German, Burn German, etc. Do you know if the Glarus, CH grandparent would have spoken High German? Was it taught at their schools, as High German was taught in the Empire of Germany? Do you know how much formal education was generally required or accepted during the mid 1800's in Switzerland? My Swiss grandparent died before I was born, so as you can see, I did not visit with him about his background. (As an after thought...one grandparent was born and raised in Russia near the now Ukraine city Kiev. Would you know, from your vast history studies, if they were taught High German in those schools also? I know this is off Swiss history, but just thought you might know. They were there as farm workers for the Russians, and my grandmother was educated only to the 2nd grade. The family spoke German. Another grandparent from Posen, Prussian learned High German in school, and another from Berlin spoke Low German at home.) Again, thank you for sharing. Regards from Nellie, a 68-yr-old root digger in Texas, where the ground never freezes.