HOEFLER; BAY,DEU>New York City,NY,USA; 1820-1920 Although the surname of this line died out in 1995, there should still be many descendants of Leonard Hoefler (1822-1884) and Kunigunda Bauer (1823-1882) who immigrated to NYC from Nuremberg, Bavaria, around 1850. Their daughter Magdalena (married Braun? and moved to California) came with them. Born in New York were George, Miriam (m. Jeremiah Griffin), Emma (m. George Hudson), Mathilda (m. Charles Smith/Schmit), Franklin, Olga, and Martha (m. Frank Young). Leonard was a shoemaker on Columbia Street on the Lower East Side (building now demolished). As the children bettered themselves, they gradually moved to Brooklyn in the general German-American migration pattern. Most of them married in Protestant churches. I am descended from the Smiths' adopted daughter and have located descendants of Emma, Franklin, and Martha. Would like to share my work with any other descendants. Elizabeth W. Knowlton KnowltonEW@compuserve.com