--part1_d6fef27c.2506dab6_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Thought ya'll would be interested in this tid-bit:........Gwen << ====================================================== On September 3, 1752, the Gregorian calendar (New Style or N.S) replaced the Julian calendar (Old Style or O.S.) in England and its American colonies, by an act of Parliament. (September 3 became September 14.) The calendar change can pose problems for genealogists who don't take it into account. The following excerpt from "Pitfalls in Genealogical Research," by Milton Rubincam, FASG, may shed some light on this problem. _____________________________ "In 46-45 B.C. Gaius Julius Caesar, Pontifex Maximus and Dictator, with the assistance of Sosiegenes, astronomer and mathematician from Alexandria, Egypt, reformed the Roman republican calendar. It was computed that the solar year - - the time it takes for the Earth to revolve around the sun - - was 365 days, six hours. Three years, each consisting of 365 days, were to be followed by a fourth (or leap) year of 366 days. But this was slightly over eleven minutes too much, or about one day in 128 years." "In the year 325 Emperor Constantine I (The Great) presided over an ecumenical council at Nicaea . . . [and] the Julian calendar was adopted." "During the Middle Ages, astronomers and mathematicians were aware of the discrepancies in the Julian calendar. Several efforts were made to reform it but nothing came of them. By the sixteenth century, calendar dates were ahead of actual time by ten days, and the vernal equinox had shifted to 11 March." "When Ugo Buoncompagni ascended the papal throne on 13 May 1572 as Gregory XIII, he took up the question of reforming the calendar, and succeeded where his predecessors had failed. Acting on the advice of Aloysius Lilius, Neapolitan physician and mathematician, and Bavarian Jesuit and mathematician Christopher Clavius, he issued a decree in March 1582, promulgating the new calendar called in his honor Gregorian. He directed that the day after the Feast of St. Francis of Assisi, October should be reckoned as 15 October 1582. Consequently the next vernal equinox fell properly on 21 March instead of on the eleventh of the month. Pope Gregory ordered that no century year should be considered a leap year unless it was exactly divisible by 400. Thus 1700, 1800, and 1900 would be common years, but 1600 and 2000 would be leap years." "The Catholic countries of Europe adopted the Gregorian calendar as soon as possible after copies of the decree had reached them. The Protestant countries were slow to follow suit, not being willing to obey the Pope's orders. The Protestant states of the Holy Roman Empire, by order of the Diet (Parliament) at Regensburg, dropped eleven days from the 19th to the 29th of February 1700, so that 18 February immediately became 1 March. . ." " Scotland, while still a separate kingdom before its union with England under James VI and I, converted to 1600 by order of the Privy Council. England and her colonies finally fell in line when Parliament passed an act in 1751 ordering that the Gregorian calendar be adopted for all legal and public business. By that time, the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars amounted to 11 days and it was therefore further enacted that the day that the day following 2 September 1752 should be called 14 September. The people did not understand the reason for this; they thought they were being deprived of eleven days of their lives and rioted, screaming, "Give us back our eleven days!" ____________________________________ Below are some helpful calendar Web sites: Gregorian Conversion http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/khagen/GregConv.html (This site has a table at the bottom listing the dates that various countries converted.) Gregorian Calendar http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Things/gregorian_calendar.html Genesis of the Gregorian Calendar http://www.sdsu.edu/doc/texi/gcal_5.html Calendar database http://www.earth.com/calendar ("Use the Search Keyword to specify year or month/year. Try 9/1752 to see the Gregorian Reformation.") Calendar: A History http://www.infomagic.com/~ernie/calendar.htm Calendar Zone http://www.calendarzone.com/ Hermetic Systems: Calendar Studies http://www.magnet.ch/serendipity/hermetic/cal_stud.htm Roman Numerals http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/bp10004/cgi_roman.html >> --part1_d6fef27c.2506dab6_boundary Content-Type: message/rfc822 Content-Disposition: inline Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from rly-yg01.mx.aol.com (rly-yg01.mail.aol.com [172.18.147.1]) by air-yg01.mail.aol.com (v60.28) with ESMTP; Tue, 07 Sep 1999 08:21:17 -0400 Received: from ancexch001.ancestry.com ([192.216.182.125]) by rly-yg01.mx.aol.com (v60.28) with ESMTP; Tue, 07 Sep 1999 08:20:59 -0400 Received: from anclist001.ancestry.com (10.16.1.52 [10.16.1.52]) by ancexch001.ancestry.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2448.0) id SHLXJNBQ; Tue, 7 Sep 1999 03:43:22 -0700 From: Ancestry Daily News <[email protected]> To: Ancestry Daily News Subscriber <[email protected]> Subject: Ancestry Daily News, 07 September 1999 Date: Tue, 07 Sep 1999 03:46:24 -0700 Message-ID: <[email protected]> Errors-To: [email protected] Originator: [email protected] X-Mailer: UnityMail X-Mailer-Version: 2.1 X-UnityUser: Ancestry, Inc. MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Ancestry Daily News Brought to you by the publisher of "The Source" and "Ancestry" Magazine http://www.ancestry.com 07 September 1999 In this issue: - Database of the Day ----- Daughters of the American Revolution Lineage Books (142 Vols.)(Update) ----- Tippecanoe County, Indiana Farmer's Directory, 1919 ----- Midwest Pioneers: Fifty Years on the Firing Line ----- Roanoke Times/World News (VA), Obituaries, 1998-1999 (Update) - Today's Featured Map: ----- Indiana and Illinois Territories, 1800-1818 - "Problem Solving 101" by Juliana Smith - Calendars - In the News Online - Thought for Today - Product of the Day at the Online Store ----- ----- ************************************************************* ======================================================= DATABASE OF THE DAY (Free for 10 Days!) <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> ======================================================= Daughters of the American Revolution Lineage Books (142 Vols.) (Update) We have just increased this already large and popular database by adding three more volumes. This addition brings the total number of volumes to 142. The National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution is one of the oldest organizations in the United States dedicated to the preservation of American Revolutionary War genealogies. This database, containing references to Revolutionary War ancestors and their descendants, was created from "Lineage Books of the National Society, Daughters of the American Revolution." These lineage books contain information submitted by tens of thousands of individuals with connections to Revolutionary War patriots. This collection now contains over 2.23 million names and is a valuable collection for anyone with ancestors who fought in the American Revolution. At Ancestry.com, we look forward to increasing the size of this extremely valuable database. Return often to check our progress and make use of this ever-expanding resource. Bibliography: "Lineage Books of the Charter Members of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution", - Vol. I-CXLII (142). Note on Publishing: Since this database represents a compilation of 142 volumes, the years and locations of copyright information varies, according to each volume, i.e. Volume 8 was published in 1899 in Washington, D.C., whereas volume 63 was published in 1923, also in Washington, D.C. To search this database, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/search/3174.htm <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> Tippecanoe County, Indiana Farmer's Directory, 1919 Site of the Battle of Tippecanoe and home to over 40,000 people in 1920, Tippecanoe County is located in west-central Indiana. This database is a transcription of a farmer directory originally published in 1919. It provides the farmer's name, and residents of the household, including spouse and children. Additionally, it provides the farm location, farm size, and how long the family had lived in the county. Researchers will find the names of over 10,000 residents. For those Ancestry.com patrons searching for central Indiana ancestors, this can be a great aid in their research. Bibliography: Dennis, Carolyn, ed. "Tippecanoe County, Indiana Farmer's Directory." [Database online] Orem, UT: Ancestry, Inc., 1999. Taken from: "Prairie Farmer's Directory." Tippecanoe, IN, 1919. To search this database, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/search/3967.htm <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> Midwest Pioneers: Fifty Years on the Firing Line Famous for his "St. Paul Daily News" column titled "The Cornfield Philosopher," James Witham lived in Ohio, Nebraska, and Iowa before settling in Minnesota. This narrative is an account of his life growing up as a farmer, working for local newspapers, and his involvement in politics. It provides descriptions of farm life in the Midwest, farming organizations at work in the area, and the struggles of farmers with big business. Also included are commentaries on railroad companies and the Minnesota legislature in the 1910s and 1920s. Intended to aid researchers in understanding the history of the Midwest, this database can be a useful source of information. Bibliography: Library of Congress. "Pioneering the Upper Midwest: Books from Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, ca. 1820-1910." [Database online] Washington: Library of Congress, 1999. Witham, James W. "Fifty Years on the Firing Line." Chicago: James W. Witham, 1924. To search this database, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/search/3968.htm <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> Roanoke Times/World News (VA), Obituaries, 1998-1999 (Update) Bibliography: UMI Company. "Obituaries from the Roanoke Times and World News, 1998-1999." Orem, UT: Ancestry Inc., 1999. To search this database, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/search/3611.htm ======================================================= TODAY'S FEATURED MAP <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> ======================================================= Today's featured map is: Indiana and Illinois Territories, 1800-1818 To view this map, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/ancestry/FreeImages.asp?ImageID=218 <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> Maps & Atlases in the Online Store http://shop.ancestry.com/ancestry/mapsatlases.html Animap Plus 2.0-2,000 Maps plus Place Finder Database on CD-ROM http://shop.ancestry.com/ancestry/anplusv20win.html ======================================================= PROBLEM SOLVING 101 By Juliana Smith <<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>><<<>>> ======================================================= This morning as I was cleaning up the breakfast dishes, I heard my three-year-old daughter, Madelon, in the living room having a bit of a "hissy fit." It seems that the puppet show window that I had set up for her had fallen down and she couldn't get it back to the way it was. I told her that she wouldn't solve her problem by stomping her feet and pouting. She needed to stand back and look at what was wrong with it and then think of a way to fix it. As I went back to my work, I pondered this particular piece of advice and decided that we could all learn a bit from this. When I am frustrated by a research problem, I am often driven to my own brand of "hissy fit" like banging my head on a wall--but this can cause headaches. Sneering and growling are also kind of fun but other than entertaining my daughter, it is not much help. Sometimes I'll put that branch of the family aside for a bit. While there is something to be said for putting it aside and coming back to it later, it will not solve the problem. The first thing to do, as my daughter now knows, is to take a step back and look at what is wrong. First you need to determine what information you are missing. Gather all the information you have on this person and their immediate family. Create a list of what records you have collected (there is a "Source Summary" form available for download at: http://www.ancestry.com/download/forms.htm). Using the information you have gathered, put together a timeline for that ancestor, including every scrap of information you can find, no matter how insignificant it may seem. You will also wa