From: <editor@familytreedna.com> 4 Apr 2003 20:08:10 -0600 Facts & Genes from Family Tree DNA April 4, 2003 Volume 2, Issue 3 DNAPrint: Explore Your Ancestral History The DNAPrint test is an opportunity to explore your deep Ancestral History, as well as to uncover information not found in the paper trail, or possibly to confirm the paper trail. The DNAPrint test analyzes over 70 SNPs, which contain information about your deep Ancestral History from both your parents. >From an analysis of these SNPs, the DNAPrint test will identify your ethnic mix and approximate percentage you inherited of the following four major populations: European, East Asian, Native American, and African Perhaps there is a family legend of a Native American ancestor, or your research indicates Native American ancestry, and you want confirmation. The DNAPrint test does not require a direct male or female line to uncover Native American ancestry, so the test will assist those who do not have a direct line to the suspected Native American ancestor. The DNAPrint test will also take you beyond the paper trail, since the SNPs contain information about your deep Ancestral History. You may discover previously unknown information about the ethnic origin of your ancestors. The DNAPrint test results will show your percentages of each of the four major population groups listed above. For example, your results could be: Example 1: 81% European, 4% Native American, 15% African Example 2: 70% European, 5% African, 25% East Asian Example 3: 65% African, 35% Native American The DNAPrint test is available from Family Tree DNA for $153 for existing customers, and for $189 for customers who have not had any previous tests performed by Family Tree DNA. If you have ever wondered about the ethnic origin of your ancestors, the DNAPrint test can identify your mix. To order the DNAPrint test, click on the link below: http://www.familytreedna.com/order_form.asp?ty=DNAPrint Understanding Your Results: Haplogroups The new Haplogroup database implemented last month tells you about your deep ancestral origins. One way to think about Haplogroups is that a Haplogroup is a branch on the tree of Homo Sapiens and a Haplotype represents the leaves of the tree. All the Haplotypes that belong to a Haplogroup are leaves on the same branch. The Y Chromosome DNA test is a STR test, also known as Short Tandem Repeats. A SNP test of the Y Chromosome, which tests deep ancestral Markers, determines the Haplogroup. The Haplogroup database consists of the test results of participants in studies conducted and tested by Dr. Hammer at the University of Arizona. These participants had either a 12 Marker or 25 Marker Y Chromosome STR test, and a SNP test. Therefore, a search of the Haplogroup database looks for matches of your Y Chromosome STR test results, and predicts your Haplogroup based on the Haplogroup of the participants you match. A SNP test can be ordered to confirm your Haplogroup. The Haplogroup of two participants in your DNA testing project are an important consideration when evaluating results. It is important to realize that if your Y chromosome test results match or are a close match to another person who belongs to a "different" Haplogroup - you are definitely not related. This is an example of utilizing the Haplogroup search results to further analyze a match or close match. While two (2)people could have the same surname and a close match for their Y Chromosome results, they could belong to different Haplogroups –and would definitely not be related. This would be an example of convergence. If the Haplogroup search results predicts a different Haplogroup for two participants with a match or close match on their Y Chromosome DNA results, it is recommended that both participants take a SNP test to confirm their Haplogroup. The results from a search of the Haplogroup database not only provides information about your deep ancestral history, but the outcome can also be used to analyze Y Chromosome results. Since the Haplogroups are the branches, and the Haplotypes are the leaves of the tree, if the participants belong to different branches, no matter what their Y DNA test results, they are not related. The SNP test is available, and will only confirm or deny the estimated Haplogroup. If it ever occurs that the Haplogroup is not confirmed, a participant should contact Family Tree DNA for a consultation regarding further testing to determine the Haplogroup. Understanding Your Results: Are We Related? All of us are related at one point in time, though this is not relevant to our genealogy time frame. Surnames are a key element in establishing a genealogy time frame for evaluating results. Surnames evolved at different times in different countries. For example,the upper class in England adopted surnames before the peasants. The length of time that surnames existed establishes the most distant genealogical time frame. For example, if the ABC surname has been in existence for 500 years, and two participants with the ABC surname match or are a close match, then the Surname combined with the test results show that the common ancestor occurred between the time the surname was created and the birth of the participants. If two participants are a match or close match, and they have different surnames, and are from different countries, most likely they are not related in a genealogical time frame. The two participants are related "before" the genealogical time frame. In a few rare cases, there may be an adoption or extra marital event. If any ancestors of both participants can be placed in the same place at the same time, then it may be worth investigating the match or close match for an adoption or extra marital event. Below are some sites on the internet to look for those interested in genealogy and whom are researching your surname: Ancestry.com Research Registry: http://www.ancestry.com/share/research/main.htm Guild of One Name Studies: http://www.one-name.org/register.shtml Rootsweb Surname list: http://rsl.rootsweb.com/#search Genforum: http://genforum.genealogy.com/ Ancestry World Tree: http://Ancestry.com/trees/main.htm?lfl=m Ancestry message boards: http://Ancestry.com/share/main.htm?lfl=m Family History Societies for the British Isles: http://www.genuki.org.uk/search.html Jewish Genealogy: http://www.jewishgen.org And also, from the main page of Genuki, go to the County where your surname occurs: http://www.genuki.org.uk/ In the list above, the Guild of One Name Studies is an often over looked resource. Members of the Guild can register one or more surnames that they are actively researching worldwide. Most of the surnames registered are rare surnames, due to the commitment required by a member to register a surname. A moment to check the online register of surnames might provide a valuable contact. For the British Isles, most of the Family History Societies, which usually cover a geographical area, have a register of members surname interests. Many of these lists are online at the Family History Society web site. >From the main Genuki address shown above, follow links to the County or Counties where your Surname has existed, to find the Family History Society, and then search their members interest list. Some of the members interests lists can be searched using the first Genuki link above, but many of the Family History Society member's interests pages can only be searched at the Family History Society web site. =============================================================== REPRINT POLICY: We encourage the circulation of "Facts & Genes" by newsletters and lists providing that you credit the author, include our copyright information (Copyright 2003, Family Tree DNA), and cite "Facts & Genes" (http://www.familytreeDNA.com/facts_genes.asp) as the source. Use this link to be removed from the subscriber list. http://www.familytreedna.com/fgRegister.asp?act=remove&id=1024 _________________________________________________________________ Add photos to your e-mail with MSN 8. Get 2 months FREE*. http://join.msn.com/?page=features/featuredemail