Hey, Dave, as per this message below about "PRETENDER"...thanks so much..that term used so often for "BONNIE PRINCE CHARLIE" never did seem right to my Spirit..and i sure thank you for the truth whole truth and nothing but the truth..you are one brave HIGHLANDER...'SIR DAVID'...my humble opinion. Peg V mjcpv@newnorth.net PS. about "THE" joke--although genealogy can be about those living, now passed on, if the list gets too DEAD feeling, let me know where on the internet to go to get a WHOLE picture, OK? I continually see on list the term "PRETENDER" when used in connection with many of our Scottish Kings and in the case of Bonnie Prince Charlie, who was infact crowned as a King of Scotland being as his father had stated he would abdicate when the Jacobite cause was won. The books and many educators would have us, at worst, think the term pretender means an illegitimate claim to the throne, and at best have not taken an opportunity to correct implications. Here is the legal definition of what The Pretender To The throne means. Under the terms of the 'Jus Honorum', he (THE PRINCE/KING) retains the additional right to create Jacobite titular distinctions in the tradition of his kingly ancestors. Although the Stewarts' monarchical position is suspended in practical terms by virtue of a prevailing alternative reigning House, Prince Michael's entitlements still exist under by right of sovereign heritage. Hence, the 'Jus Gladii In Pectore and In Potentia' exists 'of right' (de jure) but not in practice: 'of fact' (de facto). What remains, however, is the legitimate, legal and justifiable 'pretension' - from which derives the definition Pretender.