Go to the below sites by either clicking on the site or copying and pasting them in your browser. Take a little study on DNA mapping to get back to Africa or wherever you dead end in time. http://ycc.biosci.arizona.edu/nomenclature_system/fig1.html<http://ycc.biosci.arizona.edu/nomenclature_system/fig1.html> http://www.familytreedna.com/haplotree.html<http://www.familytreedna.com/haplotree.html> http://worldfamilies.net/y-haplogroups.htm<http://worldfamilies.net/y-haplogroups.htm> http://members.cox.net/johnrcarpenter/1.htm<http://members.cox.net/johnrcarpenter/1.htm> Just maybe this will show people how mapping your particular DNA back in time is much more complicated than just a 12 marker DNA test. A lot of 12 Marker DNA tests also do not give you the first step in your mapping process It often takes an SNP test to do this. About 20% of our Hendricks DNA participants had no typical route to a Haplotree marker without an SNP testing. Then a deep clades set of test to map further back in time. Then you may find you have a uniques set of results that has not been mapped. The results a brick wall until enough of a data base is collected and compared to continue mapping backward in the past. Herb Hendricks Retired NASA Physicist Hendricks DNA Project Group Administrator Secretary Hendricks Family Association Herb_316@MSN.com<mailto:Herb_316@MSN.com> 1210 Long Meadow DR Lynchburg, VA 24502 434 832 7246 Major/Smith/Hendricks http://www.ftdna.com/public/hendricks/<http://www.ftdna.com/public/hendricks/>