Scott researchers, (Comments? Reply to me directly, not the list.) Please be careful when using DNA as a genealogical research tool. Such methods generally can only give you probabilities and are not considered primary sources of information. If you happen to have DNA material from a long deceased person you think might be a relative, that might be more conclusive in proving a relationship. Otherwise, the results only give you probabilities of being related to a group of people, often in the same geographic region. While this might be useful to narrowing your search or ruling out individuals, it isn't sound proof of your relation to an individual. At least, that's how I understand DNA both in genealogical terms and how the lawyers in a murder trial I was juror for explained it. The crime lab was only able to say the statistical odds that DNA material found on the scene was that of the accused. In this case they were trying to show a DNA evidence sample was from a specific living individual and they couldn't be 100% sure but the odds of another person in the area having the same set of markers was longer than winning the lottery. (The guy was found guilty.) It is a little more complex than what you see on the crime dramas on TV. I'm looking for a good web site to refer you to that explains what DNA genealogy is all about. I'll give you a link when I find it. Unfortunately, all those I've found so far are trying to get you to use it or to buy their kit. That's sort of like asking a barber if you need a haircut! If you have a good source of an understandable explanation of the usefulness and limitations of DNA in genealogical research, please let me know by sending a message to me directly (not the list). In the meantime, let me refer you to the standards posted on the National Genealogical Society web site (ngsgenealogy.org): Standards For Sound Genealogical Research Recommended by the National Genealogical Society Remembering always that they are engaged in a quest for truth, family history researchers consistently­ * record the source for each item of information they collect. * test every hypothesis or theory against credible evidence, and reject those that are not supported by the evidence. * seek original records, or reproduced images of them when there is reasonable assurance they have not been altered, as the basis for their research conclusions. * use compilations, communications and published works, whether paper or electronic, primarily for their value as guides to locating the original records, or as contributions to the critical analysis of the evidence discussed in them. * state something as a fact only when it is supported by convincing evidence, and identify the evidence when communicating the fact to others. * limit with words like "probable" or "possible" any statement that is based on less than convincing evidence, and state the reasons for concluding that it is probable or possible. * avoid misleading other researchers by either intentionally or carelessly distributing or publishing inaccurate information. * state carefully and honestly the results of their own research, and acknowledge all use of other researchers’ work. * recognize the collegial nature of genealogical research by making their work available to others through publication, or by placing copies in appropriate libraries or repositories, and by welcoming critical comment. * consider with open minds new evidence or the comments of others on their work and the conclusions they have reached. © 1997, 2002 by National Genealogical Society. Permission is granted to copy or publish this material provided it is reproduced in its entirety, including this notice.