Hi Michael, I believe the estimate is Leyburns. I did an article for a magazine a few years ago....trying to recall where I got the material, I am pretty sure Leyburn. I have read (but forget where -- if I kept notes in Zotero I could find it!) that some areas are believed to be 95% Ulster immigrants. It varies. One would like to say 'varies from town to town' but the highlands of Virginia weren't settled by town. People stacked out some land and built a house on it. So there weren't really a lot of early towns. This light, rural settlement also apparently impeded the founding of churches and encouraged circuit riders. Also made it difficult for the flatlanders to gain control: ie where do you build the county courthouse and construct the Anglican parish church that everyone must attend? But usually 'infrastructure' followed settlement in America, so nothing new there. However I am not finding it so I will check Bernard Bailyn, The Peopling of British North America. The areas would be the "Irish tracts" in the Valley of Virginia, like Berkeley's, the Gooch Grants, Borden Tract. I will continue looking. The usual way that people estimate these things, esp. Leyburn, is surnames. Leyburn admits this can be tricky especially with Germans settling in and anglicizing their surnames. Some day we will have better stats with DNA. An eyeballing of the Cumberland Gap DNA project shows a lot of NW Irish DNA -- supporting Kerby's theory that Donegal lost much of its native population in the 1700s. Linda ----- Original Message ----- From: "Montgomery Michael" <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Sent: Monday, March 1, 2010 8:43:11 PM GMT -05:00 US/Canada Eastern Subject: Re: [S-I] SCOTCH-IRISH Digest, Vol 5, Issue 13 Hello Linda Your recent exposition, with many links, on indentured servants is a posting to be kept, and I have printed it off and put it securely into my box of "indentured servant" materials. One statement that you made in particular caught my eye, which is about the estimate of 90% of the early settlers in some parts of Virginia being from Ulster. You say "it is estimated," but by whom? I cannot use this information without a source. Is it from Leyburn? And which parts of Virginia? Michael --- On Wed, 2/3/10, [email protected] <[email protected]> wrote: From: [email protected] <[email protected]> Subject: SCOTCH-IRISH Digest, Vol 5, Issue 13 To: [email protected] Date: Wednesday, February 3, 2010, 3:01 AM Date: Tue, 2 Feb 2010 14:57:51 +0000 (UTC) From: [email protected] Subject: [S-I] Indentured Servants To: List <[email protected]> Message-ID: Hi folks, I am forwarding on the URL for this website although it does not directly relate to the so-called "Scotch-Irish" who supposedly evacuated from Ulster, not London. My reasons are that so many came over that they dominated an area of the Americans that is roughly the size of Europe. We call this area today, roughly, "Appalachia". What this dominance means, according to the books I've read, such as Leyburn's "The Scotch-Irish", is that their culture predominated. We are all familiar with cultural dominance. It is like when anyone comes here: the immigrant generation talks funny, dresses funny, has funny customs, eats funny food, but the children are indistinguishable from children 'born here' to native Americans -- they eat American food, they talk American, they dress American, they have American values, etc. The same works for migrants to Australia, England, France, Mongolia....where-ever. Small groups or families moving into a larger culture tend to assimilate into the large!. So while there are areas of Virginia where it is estimated 90% of the early settlers originated in Ulster, there is the 10%. And in some areas the percentage is believed to be much higher. But they all became "Scotch-Irish", which is actually the name of an American ethnic group, not an Ulster one.... ... Linda Merle ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message