Also see an old book that is free in Google: "Cromwell in Ireland: a history of Cromwell's Irish campaign" By Denis Murphy It includes some amusing tidbits including one describing Monroe's army in Ulster as a Royalist army. Of course, for a time, it was, as the parties of the Civil War changed. The Scots couldn't stand by Parliament after it murdered King Charles (actually many parties deserted it in horror after that). In any case I've skimmed some of it and it gives the usual blow by blow accounting of incompetance and betrayal of all by all. Just what we need to read at the end of a horrible winter <grin>. I also have Celtic Dimensions of the British Civil Wars : John R. Young, University of Strathclyde (Book, 1997). It has a series of essays that view the period from the Scottish and Irish point of view and often giving a refreshing look from a new angle. One article comparies Irish tories and Scottish moss troopers. Much on the Scottish Covenanters (as a political entity). Here we often view Scotland as a vast 'lowland' -- ie a place where everyone held th e same views as ourselves. Actually, it was much more complex. Some essays compare the Jacobite Scots who went off in exile to fight in the armies of the French and Spanish to their Irish cousins who did the same earlier. Reading "Cromwell in Ireland" and other books also helped me to understand that the motivation wasn't just oppressing Irish . No, it was the danger posed by the European parties that the Irish allied themselves with that posed the real threat to England -- the Pope and the French. This was neither the first or the last time. England was always being invaded from Ireland or fearing invasion from her. A very long term English paranoia, justified in this case. Just as after the death of King Charles all of Ireland (meaning all the Anglo Irish and Irish nobility) came out for King Charles, several times during the Wars of Roses in the 1400s, various dethroned or would be kings raised armies or mobs in Ireland and came ashore in England. The native Irish posed far less a threat than did their leaders. That is one threat Cromwell ended for good. He does seem to have permanently destroyed the old leadership. Some of them (according to O'Callaghan) were shipped off to the West Indies) while the rest, we know, were exiled to the west. He accesses court records and give specific names of Irish Confeds sent to the West Indies -- hard to argue with his evidence. Many of the records of those exiled are preserved in O'Hart "Irish Pedigrees". Vol 2 here: Irish pedigrees: or, The origin and stem of the Irish nation, Volume 2 (books.google.com). Vol 1 is there too. I just found "The family history of Hart of Donegal" By Henry Travers Hart in google books! Put into Zotero ..... Oo! I have just found a preview in Google of " Scotland and the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648" By Steve Murdoch These kinds of books often have little on Ulster Scots families (meaning O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees), but sometimes you are surprised -- though rarely, I admit -- to learn the famly may not be Scots at all. Then you can find much much more. No wonder I get nothing done... Linda Merle