Hi folks, especially those who would like to understand their DNA results better, We can discuss this generally and generate interest in testing and explain generally what these studies might mean for our genealogy as well as methodologies for combining them. But when it comes to interpretation of specifics, then join this list: http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/DNA-NEWBIE.html The reason is -- DNA is NOT our area of expertise and it is for DNA-Newbie. Others will (and are) becoming bored with this thread here. Second reason is that the details are complicated and sometimes disputed. Only people whose declared expertise is DNA can really steer you correctly through this mess (maybe). Generally speaking again, Haplogroups, specific mutations, the meaning of Celtic culture, etc, are NOT the topics of long, complicated, and argumentative threads here because they have little or no bearing on our immediate ancestors. Finding them through DNA studies is relevant here. People wanting to argue over the meaning of Celtic culture, when certain mutations arrived in Britain, etc, etc, can join http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html where many of the terms that we all think we understand (and are experts on) are disputed and debunked. My evil purpose in starting this thread was to generate interest in testing and to help people understand how their results can help their genealogy. Our genealogy take place in the 1600s through to the twenty first centuries, in most cases. Not thousands of years ago. So if users could restrain themselves to genealogy and take questions regarding the interpretations of their results to another list to avoid irritating those who are not interested, thanks. The genetic genealogist I often work with has said that he tries to avoid making any statements about anything before 12 AD. Why it's because the geneticists come up with new theories constantly, so what you told someone today is shown to be wrong tomorrow. This is different from those of us who have beliefs based on stuff we learned 60 years ago in school, based on nineteen century mythology. That stuff needs to be re-examined as it's out of date and maybe unproven by modern scientific methodologies. It's very difficult to distinguish on these lists between an authorative answer and one that is not. For that reason also you need to take these questions about your specific test results to a place where you can possibly get an authoritative response. Another place to look for authorities who might comment on your DNA (for a fee) is www.isogg.org .. Many of these people are on the Genealogy DNA list (as I said before) and by requesting help there you can sometimes get help free. So we need to return to discussing more general DNA topics relevant to our areas of interest HERE. So I will start redirecting people to another list if the questions/comments (etc) ignore the information in this email. Or would someone like to start a Scotch-irish DNA list??? Best of luck! Linda Merle (functioning as List Admin)