Dear Bill: Glad to send the list of families that came from the Giekau Church District and then lived in the Mineola Iowa area for at least a short time. I don't recall seeing the Schrein name in any of the Mineola records but that doesn't mean it isn't there. The workshop will involve the sharing of information on all of the families listed plus any that they may have married into. If you have a family from the area and would like to have a letter posted at the workshop you are sure welcome to e-mail me the information and I will see that it gets posted. Here is the list of names that we have so far and it is growing: BICHEL, CARSTEN, DOORMAN, DORHMAN, DORMAN, DOHSE, DOSE,DOOSE, EHLERS, GIESE,HAMMER,HANSEN, JURGENS(SEN), KAY, KAHL, LAMP, LAU, LOOF, LUTH, MATTHIENSEN,MILLER(MöLLER, NAGEL, NIPP, ROHRBERG ROENFELD, ROENFELDT, SCHEEL, SCHOENING, SCHROEDER, SCHUTT, STARK, STEFFENS, STUMPF, THIERING, VOHS, VOSS, WIESE, WOLF, WULF. That is the list as it stands right now, If anyone has family from the Giekau area we would sure like to hear from you before the 26 of June. Gary Schoening Huffner5@aol.com
Dear Gary Schoening, Would it be too much to ask you to put up the names of those 31 people who left the Giekau district, especially if any one of them was called Schrein? Gratefully, Bill Jones.
Hi list, I am new to the list and thought I would introduce myself. I live in the Pacific NW, WA state and I am trying to research my gr-great-grandfather Dr. Henry Christian Gran. I have found him in the 1850 in Muscatine Iowa, the > 1860, 1870 and 1880 census in Henry county Illinois. He died in 1883 > when his clinic caught fire, he evidently burned to death. > > In the below census one shows he was born in Holstein, the rest show > Lubeck Germany. They also say his father was born in Prance, where is > that? And his mother Lubeck, although I have no name for her. > According to the newpaper article when he died, there was a coroner's > inquest, but I have talked on the phone to the Coroner in Henry county > Illinois and it seems the entire year of 1883 is missing. It also > says he was buried in Woodhull cemetery in Henry county Illinois, but > no one can find a record of his grave. Also according to Henry county > Illinois where was no death certificate for him in 1883 either. He > evidently specialized in Women's diseases' and called his clinic the > "Invalid's Clinic". The best article someone has found for me is > below: so that I know where he went to school. Unfortunately I have > not been able to find anything on his parents, or even when his wife > Elizabeth died. > >I have no information on his parents or siblings but I am assuming that >there still might be "family" living in Germany. As far as I know Dr. >Chris was the only one to come to the United States. If anyone has any >ideas where to look I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you, Carole Pacific NW jhollin@pacifier.com > > The Genesco Republic March 16, 1883 > A Sad Calamity At Alpha. > > At about ten o'clock last Saturday the cry of fire startled the > inhabitants of the peaceful village of Alpha. Numerous people turned > out immediately and discovered the Invalid's Hotel on fire. They > rushed at once to the rescue, using every means possible to extinguish > the flames, but to no avail. Dr. Gran himself was soon discovered > missing and several present, particularly Mr. E. G. Lobeck, son of Mr. > Otto Lobeck, of Dayton, Iowa, one of the doctor's patients, made every > effort possible to discover the whereabouts of the doctor, and if > possible rescue him, but no one had seen him, and it was asserted he > was not in his room, and the smoke in the halls of the building was so > stifling, tht it was an utter impossibility to penetrate to the upper > back hall leading into his room. At about four o'clock on Sund. > morning, Dr. Gran's body was discovered down in the cellar under a > pile of burning debris, his extremities and head burnt off, leaving > but the trunk of his body there. When found he was wrapt in bed > clothing and over him lay a matress on the top of which lay the spring > bed. The point where his body ws found was north of the central part > of the building, while his bed room was situated in the south east > portion of the building. The origin of the fire is enshrouded in deep > mystery. When first seen it was discovered in the roof and windows of > the north part of the building. On Sunday a jurty was impanneled and > a coroner's inquest held by Squire Olof Frenel, but no evidence as to > the cause of the fire could be secured. Dr. Gran was last seen by Mr. > Lobeck at 6 o'clock in the evening, in perfect normal condition of > mind and body, peaceful and happy, and by his son, at 9:30 in the same > condition about to retire. Dr. Gran was born in Sleswig Holstein, in > December 1820, recived a thorough medical education at Copehhagen, > Denmark, emigrated to Amnerica in 1849, and located at St. Louis, was > induded by Prof. L. P. Esbjorn to locate as a practicing physician at > Andover, Ill., in 18543 and has since then experienced a variegated > life of many fortunes and misfortunes. Whatever his faults may have > been (and who has not such?) Dr. Gran was an able physician, a ripe > scholar and a fine appearing man with a jovial, social temperament and > affable manners, with a very large acquaintance in many of the western > states. The manner in which he lot his life is sad and terrible to > contemplate. His charred remains were interred on Monday last in the > Woodhull cemetery, Rev. Josiah Moore offciating. Thrice before in > life he had been burnt out of house and home. ---- Moline citizen. > > The 1850 Census - Muscatine, Muscatine Co., IA, p 355b, line 23, 04 > Sep 1850, Dwelling 264, House 264 > > C H Gran 33 Male, white, Physician, no real estate, b Germany > > > 1860 Census Henry County, Illinois > Town of Andover > 2675 2565 > Gran, Chris 43 M Physician Holstien > Elizabeth 37F Wife Ohio > Henry Ward 1M Illinois > Fanny M 9F Illinois > > Knorr, Mary 19F Sweden > > > 1870 census Henry County, Illinois > > Christian H. Gran 53 Dr. $4520 $500 Lubic (that is Lubeck > Germany) > Elizabeth L. 43 Keeps house Ohio > Henry W. 11 at School Illinois > Delly 9 (Male) at School Illinois > > > > 1880 United States Census > Census Place: Oxford, Henry, Illlinois > Source: FHL Film 1254213 National Archives Film T9-0213 Page 442B > > Relation Sex Marr Race Age > Birthplace > C.H. Gran Self M W W 62 Lubeck Ger > Occ: Practicing FA. fa: Prance Mo. Lubeck > > Henry Gran Son M M W 21 Lubeck Ger > Occ: Practicing Fa. Fa: Prance Mo. Lubeck > > Lilly Gran DauL F M W 21 MO > Fa: KY Mo: IL > Elise Forrer Other F S W 28 Switz > Fa: Switz Mo: Switz > > > C. H. GRAN Household > Male > Other Information: > Birth Year <1818> > Birthplace LUBECK GER > Age 62 > Occupation Practicing Fa. > Marital Status W <Widowed> > Race W <White> > Head of Household C. H. GRAN > Relation Self > Father's Birthplace PRANC > Mother's Birthplace LUBECK GER > > Source Information: > Census Place Oxford, Henry, Illinois > Family History Library Film 1254213 > NA Film Number T9-0213 > Page Number 442B
Depenau - Wankendorf - Stolpe Homepage HEIMATFORSCHUNG Depenau - Wankendorf - Stolpe Homepage HEIMATFORSCHUNG http://mitglied.lycos.de/kriecken/ Liebe Interessierte, ich habe eine neue homepage zum Thema Heimatforschung näheres über Gut Depenau mit den Dörfern Wankendorf und Stolpe Gruß Klaus Riecken http://mitglied.lycos.de/kriecken/ www.Riecken-online.de
Dear Klaus, Thank you for such an interesting article. It's a great addition to our assorted migration information, and we look forward to Chapter 2. We appreciate benefitting so well from your research. Marcia Whitcomb, Denver
There were two strong driving features towards emigration from Lower Saxony and Westaflia that may well have been felt in S-H. The potato famine was not limited to the Irish but extended well across Europe and caused considerable inflation at the same time that the linen industry was collapsing because of the competion from English cotton. For those interested, I recommend they read "The Westfalians from Germany to Missouri" by Walter D. Kamphoefner, Princeton, 1987. They might also search out a copy of Gottfried Duden's book "Report on a Journey to Western States of North America and a Stay of Several Years Along the Missouri" (1824-27) Columbia MO, 1980. This is an English translation of a book which went through several editions and was widely distributed in "Germany". An interlibrary loan will most likely be needed. I obtained one through our local library in Nova Scotia from the Missouri Historical Society Library. Duden's writings had a great impact on emigration from the 1830's onward. He was a German civil servant who recommended emigration as a policy for handling the problems of over population and the consequences of inheritence laws upon the younger sons.
Dear list-members, you might find it a matter of interest to read how contempary sources of Schleswig-Holstein mirrored the loss of healthy young people, who had a mind and a will strong enough to endeavour to get aboard a sailing ship, to spend six weeks or more in the crowded steerage compartment, and then to try, with not much more than their own workforce and willpower, to find for themselves or their families a new existence in a strange land, a land that had endless stretches of fertile farmland that, as it must have seemed to them, belonged to nobody - except maybe to the funny-looking natives who walked round with feathers on their heads. I transcribed and summarized an article from a newspaper of the year 1846. It is not an exact translation, but it will give you at least 90 % of all information that it holds. Today, you can read the first half of it. The rest will follow next weekend. For those who do not want to wait that long : I pasted the article into my website www.rootdigger.de , you will find it when you click the button "People" and then scroll down a bit. Most of the persons mentioned below are featured in more detail in my database "Emigrants", also accessible at www.rootdigger.de I wish everyone a restful Sunday, with greetings from the "Old Country", Klaus Struve, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein (genealogical researcher) Preetzer Wochenblatt Nr. 24, Sonnabend, den 13. Juni 1846 (Preetzer Weekly Magazine, number 24, of Saturday, 13th June, 1846) [summarized by Klaus Struve, www.rootdigger.de] page 281 : Of the Probstei, belonging to the monastery in Preetz : The Emigration to America It must be seen as a remarkable process, given the affinity for their native land, that so many Probsteiers were the first noteworthy group of emigrants from Holstein to America. But taking into account, that, according to the 1845 census, there lived 7,681 souls on a space of merely 1 1/3 sqare miles, one has to wonder why not so many more have left their overpopulated homeland until now. In spite of the dense population, the majority of the Probsteiers have managed to get by, by working in different yearly employments as far away as the Eiderstedt-peninsula, and the Danish islands of Seeland and Fuehnen, keeping a low standard of living there while away, and bringing home some small savings. That yearly emigration for jobs is a trait that the Probsteiers have long since got used to. Only 50 years ago, many of them, called Hollandgaenger, went to work in Holland even. Thus it does not seem to make too much of a difference for many of them, alienated of their native land! by their long absence, whether they migrate to Denmark or to America. Many more would have gone already, if only they had sufficient funds to pay for their and their families passage. Those who did go did so with hopes of being able to buy some land over there right away, or of finding a rewarding job, and making enough money to buy their own patch of land soon after. Seeing public announcements and rumors that now around 150 Probsteiers are about to leave for America, one must say that this figure appears highly exaggerated. Up to date, only 37 persons have been known to seek a better fortune in America, 20 from the parish Schoenberg, and 17 from the parish Probsteierhagen. Seven or eight years ago, Hinrich Viet, a laborer from Prasdorf, emigrated, with his savings that he had gained by thrift and eagerness. It was due to his reports back home, and also to the report of a Holsteiner who had lived not far from him for 11 months, saying how well he was doing and getting on, that others were incited to follow his example. Hinrich Viet had arrived in Iowa, where already several Holsteiners had established their homes. The land there is very fertile and suitable for a great variety of crops. In August last year, 9 people followed him into the New World, namely : 1-3) a young economist named Hagge, son of the teacher in Prasdorf, with his wife, only just married, and his sister 4-6) the cottage-farmer Asmus Kuehl, well in his fifties, with his wife and his mother- in-law, 72 years old 7) the carpenter Schneekloth from Prasdorf 8, 9) two brothers of the above-mentioned, Claus Viet, a weaver, and Dittmer Viet, a laborer, also from Prasdorf. All of them moved to Iowa, except the carpenter Schneekloth, who remained in Canada.They had had a strenuous journey from New York, partly on water, partly overland. The old woman (Asmus Kuehls mother-in-law) died in St. Louis and was buried there. The young Hagge has already bought land, horses, cows, and seedcorn, and is expecting a plentiful crop of wheat and corn. They say when spreading the seedcorn sparsely, a fifty-fold harvest may result. In March of this year, 5 people from the parish Schoenberg left through Hamburg : 1-3) Hinrich Mundt, a cooper from Stakendorf, with his wife and his brother Claus 4) Hans Wiese, a young man from Krumbeck, agricultural laborer 5) the shipwright Peter Stoltenberg from Wisch. On the 10th of May this year, the largest group so far emigrated, consisting of 22 persons : 1-3) August Petersen, a 57 ½ year old laborer, with his wife and a daughter, 6 years old 4, 5) Hinrich Moeller, 50, from Krumbeck, a carpenter, with his young bride of 21 years 6) the weaver Hans Stoltenberg from Fiefbergen, about 30 years old 7) Jochim Plambeck from Schoenberg, 26, an experienced rural worker 8) the glazier Peter Wiese from Schoenberg 9) Jochim Steffens from Wisch, 42 years old, who is said to have saved a fortune of 600 to 700 Reichsthaler over the years 10) the (wood-) turner Peter Muhs from Barsbeck, 40 years old 11) the weaver Hinrich Steffens, 29, from Krumbeck 12-14) the brothers Claus, Hinrich, and Peter Puck from Barsbeck, 46, 35, and 30 years old, respectively, who all have had long stays on the Danish island Seeland, and, by thrift and diligence, saved a little fortune, which they are planning to spend for establishing themselves 15) Wiebke Efflandt from Wisch, a single woman, 23 ½ years old. Apart from these 15 of the parish Schoenberg, there were 7 more from the parish Probsteierhagen : --- to be continued ---
Dear Klaus and List: That was a wonderful piece of information and goes very well with a part of the Giekau-Mineola workshop theme "Why did they Leave Holstein". If it had been about 10 miles to the East and 10 years later we maybe we would know why 31 people from just 3 small villages of the Giekau district to come to America. Thank you for the information, Gary Schoening
Hello Rob, if you would like, I could do some research for you. I live in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. From time to time I do some research for people from USA, Australia, etc. I am looking forward to hear from you. Sincerely Uwe Please look at my homepage: http://mitglied.lycos.de/akvz/031/Home.html ----- Original Message ----- From: "Rob Westphal" <rob100@pacbell.net> To: <SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-ROOTS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, May 28, 2004 9:40 PM Subject: [S-H-RTS] NOMMSEN, RICKERTSEN from Pellworm > I am researching the Nommsen and Rickertsen families from the Pellworm / Oland / Husum areas. Looking for any possible connections to: > > Husband: > Frederick Nommsen > b. Abt. 1810 > d. Abt. 1850 in shipwreck (lost at sea with his 2 sons off coast of Pellworm) > Occupation: Sailor (Ship's captain) > > Wife: > Poppe Rickertsen > b. September 1814 in: Oland, Schleswig-Holstein > > Children: > 1. Ferdinand Nommsen > > 2. Julia Nommsen > b. 1840 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein > d: 1906 in: Chicago, IL > > 3. Emelia Nommsen > b. 1841 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein > d. 1920 in: Chicago, IL > Married to: Anton Gentzel > > 4. Pauline Nommsen > b. 1843 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein > d. 1929 in: Chicago, IL > Married to: Emil Westphal > > 5. Fredrick "Fritz" Nommsen > b. 1844 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein > d: USA > > 6. Harald Nommsen > b. 1848 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein > d. 1928 in: Chicago, IL > > Any info on the Nommsen / Rickertsen families of Pellworm or Oland would be greatly appreciated. Also looking for info as to where to write for church records on Pellworm. > > Thank you, > > Rob Westphal > rob100@pacbell.net > > > > > ==== SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-ROOTS Mailing List ==== > Technical Terms and Rules of the S-H-ROOTS: > http://www.genealogy-sh.com/faq-sh-roots/index.htm >
Uwe Jacobsen. Lycos nach,"Diese Seite existiert nicht." Also, wie kann ich Ihre Webseite finden? W.D.Jones.
Liebe Mitglieder der Mailingliste, die AGGSH (Arbeits-Gemeinschaft Genealogie Schleswig-Holstein http://www.aggsh.de ) hat sowohl auf den deutschen, wie auch auf den englischen Internet-Seiten den online verfügbaren Index zur Quellenkartei des "Seminars für Europäische Ethnologie/Volkskunde" der Christian-Albrecht-Universität zu Kiel stark erweitert und auf den neusten Stand gebracht. Damit ist jetzt neben den 14.770 Personen-Nennungen aus SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN in alphabetischer Sortierung auch die Ortsliste zu diesen Nennungen vollständig online. Dieser Index ist desshalb für die Familienforscher so sehr interessant, weil die Nennungen meist VOR dem Beginn der Kirchenbuchschreibung liegen. Zu finden auf den Seiten der AGGSH e.V. in deutsch unter: http://www.aggsh.de/ger/index.html Zu finden in englisch unter: http://www.aggsh.de/engl/index.html Somit wurde das Angebot, abgesehen von den Datenbanken: Die Bevölkerung des Herzogtums Schleswig am 13.Februar 1803 mit 121.467 Person-Nennungen, und der Datenbank zu aus Schleswig-Holstein ausgewanderten, weiter ausgedehnt und aktualisiert. MfG - Hans Peter Voss (1.Vorsitzender der AGGSH e.V.)
Hello, In reply to uour question, the Port of New York and Boston . Were used most often.
New Orleans was a prefered point of entry to midwestern states. The Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio Rivers offered easy connections. The Erie and other canal systems were fully developed as were the eastern railroads so entries thur Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston and New York should be examined as well. As an example, my S. Illinois relatives arrived in New Orleans in 1846 1nd 1848 while those who came over in 1836 and 1839 entered Philadelphia and then went overland thru the notch following the National Post Rd (US 50) then on to Newark Ohio and then to around CarlyleLake Illinois before dropping down to Washington County. They alled came from within 30 miles of each other and left from Bremen. For S-H I would check sailings from Bremen, Bremerhaven and Hamburg. The ports of departure have sailing records as well as ports of entry. Check the departures out and you will get a clear idea of where they might have entered, Happy hunting, Dave William Noehren wrote: > What Ports in the United States in October of 1886 were Ports of Entry for Ships coming from Europe > to the United States. > William L.Noehren > Tolland,Ct. > > >==== SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-ROOTS Mailing List ==== >Technical Terms and Rules of the S-H-ROOTS: >http://www.genealogy-sh.com/faq-sh-roots/index.htm > > >. > > >
What Ports in the United States in October of 1886 were Ports of Entry for Ships coming from Europe to the United States. William L.Noehren Tolland,Ct.
Hey Listers, Looking for any information on the following people with ties to the Schleswig-Holstein area: Carl August Ludwig Grell (birth and death dates unknown) and his wife Johanna Catharina Caroline Brandt born 18 Sep 1827, died 7 Jun 1900 in Joliet, IL. Children attributed to this marriage are: 1 - Carl August Christian Grell born 13 Oct 1853 in Schleswig-Holstein. Married Amelia Schultz 3 Mar 1876 in Joliet, IL. 2 - Frederick L. Grell born 25 Oct 1854 in Prussia. Married Augusta Buhmann abt 1876 in Germany. Augusta was born 30 May 1856 in Prussia. Immigrated with family on Rhaetia out of Hamburg/Havre to New York, arriving 28 Jul 1883. Listed as Fritz on Manifest #37442. Children were Henrietta Dorthea, Sophie and Lena. Settled in Joliet, IL and had 3 additional children. 3 - Marguerite Grell born 13 Oct 1857 in Schleswig-Holstein. Married August Henry Hoeft 5 May 1878 in Schleswig-Holstein. Henry was born in May 1852 in Schleswig-Holstein. Children born in Schleswig-Holstein were Johanna Emma Hoeft born 2 Sep 1878 and Karl Friedrich Herman Hoeft born 10 Sep 1881. The next child was born in Apr 1882 in the states so family emigrated before then. 4 - Johann Jurgen Heinveich Grell born 13 Apr 1860 in Bremsburg, in the area of Husum, state of Schleswig - Holstein. Married Maria J. M. Roenfanz 26 Nov 1881 in Joliet, IL. Maria was born 23 Dec 1865 in Loffin - Neustad. 5 - Meta Mathilda Helena H. Grell born 28 Dec 1870. Married Johann Dietz 3 Oct 1889 in Joliet, IL. Johann was born in 1864 in Langen, Hersia It is believed that Caroline, Marguerite, and Meta emigrated around 1882. I got the full Christian names for Carl August Ludwig, Carl August Christian and Johanna Catharina Caroline from a great WEB site called Rootdigger - Emigrants Database - Genealogy Schleswig - Holstein at: http://www.rootdigger.de/index.htm The site lists over 26,000 emigrants with more being added on a continuing basis. Don
I am looking for information on the WESTPHAL family in Kiel connected to the following: EMIL WESTPHAL b. June 24, 1828 in: Kiel, Holstein Emil Westphal graduated from Christian-Albrechts-University (Kiel) on March 28, 1848. Served in the Schleswig-Holstein Army during the battle between S/H and Denmark, 1848-49. Served on the staff of General Baudissin. Also served in French and Italian Revolutions, under General Mazzini (in Italy). Came to the USA in 1858 (from Marseilles, France). Settled in Morrison, IL. Married Pauline Nommsen from Pellworm. I would like to know if there is a souce for Emil's records from Christian-Albrects University, and also a way to obtain military records for Emil Westphal. Also looking for any WESTPHAL connections in the vicinity of Kiel. Any info would be GREATLY appreciated. Best Wishes, Rob Westphal rob100@pacbell.net
I am researching the Nommsen and Rickertsen families from the Pellworm / Oland / Husum areas. Looking for any possible connections to: Husband: Frederick Nommsen b. Abt. 1810 d. Abt. 1850 in shipwreck (lost at sea with his 2 sons off coast of Pellworm) Occupation: Sailor (Ship's captain) Wife: Poppe Rickertsen b. September 1814 in: Oland, Schleswig-Holstein Children: 1. Ferdinand Nommsen 2. Julia Nommsen b. 1840 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein d: 1906 in: Chicago, IL 3. Emelia Nommsen b. 1841 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein d. 1920 in: Chicago, IL Married to: Anton Gentzel 4. Pauline Nommsen b. 1843 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein d. 1929 in: Chicago, IL Married to: Emil Westphal 5. Fredrick "Fritz" Nommsen b. 1844 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein d: USA 6. Harald Nommsen b. 1848 in: Pellworm, Schleswig-Holstein d. 1928 in: Chicago, IL Any info on the Nommsen / Rickertsen families of Pellworm or Oland would be greatly appreciated. Also looking for info as to where to write for church records on Pellworm. Thank you, Rob Westphal rob100@pacbell.net
Hi Harry, Thanks for your help. I just got a note from a cousin and it notes that John Wenzel changed his name because of the situation in Germany/Denmark and his birth name was Swanson. Now I know where to look for more on him. I did look on a map and found Rangstrup, that really fits the family history. Thanks June in Wyoming
Hi, Can anyone tell me where this is at. On a naturalization paper it states that my John Wenzel was came from Rangstrup, and left Germany from Hamburg. It also states that he was born in Schl. Sleveth? Germany. I can not read all of the name. I appreciate any help in this. He was of Danish descent. June in Wyoming
--- J M <jamarcu@tctwest.net> wrote: > Hi, > Can anyone tell me where this is at. On a > naturalization paper it states > that my John Wenzel was came from Rangstrup, and > left Germany from Hamburg. > It also states that he was born in Schl. Sleveth? > Germany. I can not > read all of the name. > > I appreciate any help in this. He was of Danish > descent. > June in Wyoming > HI June in Wyoming In the upper part of Slesvig-Holsten is a little village by the name of Rangstrup, It's approx.12 KM. North East of a bigger town by name "AABENRAA" that you can find on a map of Denmark ,looks like there was less than 1000 people living there, with a name like Wenzel,im sure he was of German decentanse. Harry from Calif. h.petersen@sbcglobal.net > > > ==== SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN-ROOTS Mailing List ==== > Technical Terms and Rules of the S-H-ROOTS: > http://www.genealogy-sh.com/faq-sh-roots/index.htm >