The test for male descendants runs about $110. Just do a Google search for genealogy and DNA and you'll probably find the sites. genealogy and DNA www.genebase.com www.genetrack.com/ancestry www.relativegenetics.com www.familytreedna.com/ http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html www.oxfordancestors.com www.kerchner.com/dna-info.htm www.genpage.com/genealogyDNA.html -----Original Message----- From: Don Wilson [mailto:wilsonsearch@comcast.net] Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 11:34 PM To: SC-Genealogy-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [SC] RE: [SCEDGEFI] Genealogy and Genetics Marleen, You prompt a question: I'm a Sharpton descendant. It appears that there is no written data to link Enoch Sharpton (my 2nd great grandfather) to other Sharpton's of his time (Alexander, his father, Jeptha, etc.). If various members of the Sharpton families had their DNA tested, could this be used to establish a link? What about costs to do individual tests? Is this something affordable? Thanks for your post. I found it interesting and informative. Don Wilson Marietta, GA. -----Original Message----- From: Marleen Van Horne [mailto:msvnhrn@jps.net] Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 10:05 PM To: SCEDGEFI-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [SCEDGEFI] Genealogy and Genetics Genealogy and Genetics Genetics is the newest genealogical tool and it is the only genealogical tool that provides a definitive answer. The birth, marriage, death records, wills and deeds that we use to find our ancestors all need to be interpreted and verified without prejudice. In genetics, you either have a match, or you do not have a match. If you do not match, there is no biological/genetic relationship. Genetic testing can establish relationships. Once the definitive nature of genetic testing was established by researches at the University of Leicester in the 1980s, it quickly became a tool used by the courts and law enforcement to establish relationship and match criminals to crime scenes. In the first instance, many families immigrating to Britain were forced by circumstances beyond their control to leave children behind in the care other family members. When they were able to send for the children, the British immigration courts were unwilling to accept these left behind children as natural born members of the immigrant families. Genetic testing was used to prove the family relationship and the immigration courts no longer had reason deny admission of the children to Britain. In the second instance, a young girl was murdered and raped in a community near Leicester. The police investigating the crime had exhausted all their resources. One of the investigators had read about the research being done at the university. With the help of the researchers, over 1,000 dna samples were taken from men in the community---no match. It was later determined that one of the men who was supposed to be tested, had had a mate provide the sample. When an actual sample was taken from the man on the list, his dna matched the dna left by the murderer on the girls body. He was subsequently convicted of the crime. We now hear almost daily about the use of dna testing to match criminals to crime scenes. We are also hearing about individuals being released from prison and for that matter from death row, having been proved innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted. We also heard recently of a man in Virginia who was executed some years ago, claiming to be innocent. Recent dna testing showed that he was in fact the murderer. By this time, you will have noticed that, in dna testing, you have to have something to compare to. In genealogy, the dna of two individuals, who have established by paper documentation, descent from a common ancestor is compared. The dna of the markers on the Y chromosome of descendants in the male line is what is usually tested. This test provides definitive proof of continuity of surname. For example, if you have two males who claim descent from a common ancestor and the documentary proof supports the claim, Y-dna testing will either confirm the relationship, or refute it. If the test confirms the Y-dna of the two men matches, they definitely have a common male ancestor. If it does not match, within a certain percentage, there is no biological/genetic match. I state the last sentence that way, because there are several possibilities, a difference of a few percentage points can be accounted for by mutation, or in cases where no biological/genetic relationship exists, the supporting documentation is faulty, or the line of descent has been interrupted by hanky-panky. Genetic testing for proof of surname, or male line of descent becomes more certain when the maximum number of markers are compared, and more males agree to be tested. In women, mt-dna can also but used to determine parentage and ancestral relationships, but it is more difficult, because the surname changes with each generation. A woman passes her mt-dna to all her children, male and female, but only the daughters pass on their mt-dna to their children. Public Television is airing a program this month on how the ancestry of 8 prominent African Americans was traced using conventional research and genetic testing. If you have an opportunity to see it, I highly recommend it. The first February issue of Newsweek has a cover story on the use of genetic testing in genealogy. The December 2005 issue of the National Genealogical Society Quarterly is devoted to the subject of Genealogy and Genetics. The reason for this long essay is that I want to convey to you that genetic testing for genealogical purposes is a legitimate tool. It is not a scam. It provides definitive information on our ancestor. Genetic testing can prove our researched pedigrees, and it can disprove them. My next message to this list will be analysis of the genetic testing results recently completed by four descendants of the Oden family that lived in Edgefield County, South Carolina, between 1770 and 1820, please stay tuned for my report. If something is this message is not clear, please ask questions. Marleen Van Horne descendant of Alexander Oden Edgefield County List Manager ==== SCEDGEFI Mailing List ==== Visit The Ancestors of Nancy Oden at: http://home.jps.net/~msvnhrn/White/oden.html ==== SC-Genealogy Mailing List ==== If you are leaving your current ISP, please unsubscribe! Digest SC-Genealogy-D-request@rootsweb.com List SC-Genealogy-L-request@rootsweb.com only one word in body of message UNSUBSCRIBE No signature/No nothing! ============================== Jumpstart your genealogy with OneWorldTree. Search not only for ancestors, but entire generations. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13972/rd.ashx

Beware that a 12 or 25 marker test will not in the long run provide you all you need to know to match to a given surname, especially within a particular group of that surname. Most often 12 marker test show you matching to so many people it is foolish to ask for kinship. This is the philosophy of the Genographic Project and some DNA companies. They claim to show you kin ship in a cheap cost of about $100. Before you go hither skither find a surname project and talk with the Group Administrator for your surname. Most that have been in business over a year will have seen and can witness to you the fallacy of getting a small number of markers test. Joining your surname project also gets you cheaper DNA testing fees. God Bless Herb Hendricks Retired NASA Physicist Hendricks DNA Project Group Administrator Secretary Hendricks Family Association Herb_316@MSN.com<mailto:Herb_316@MSN.com> 1210 Long Meadow DR Lynchburg, VA 24502 434 832 7246 Major/Smith/Hendricks http://www.ftdna.com/public/hendricks/<http://www.ftdna.com/public/hendricks/> ----- Original Message ----- From: shuler Burton<mailto:shuler_b@hotmail.com> To: SC-Genealogy-L@rootsweb.com<mailto:SC-Genealogy-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 11:43 PM Subject: RE: [SC] RE: [SCEDGEFI] Genealogy and Genetics The test for male descendants runs about $110. Just do a Google search for genealogy and DNA and you'll probably find the sites. genealogy and DNA www.genebase.com<http://www.genebase.com/> www.genetrack.com/ancestry<http://www.genetrack.com/ancestry> www.relativegenetics.com<http://www.relativegenetics.com/> www.familytreedna.com/<http://www.familytreedna.com/> http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html<http://listsrootsweb.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html> www.oxfordancestors.com<http://www.oxfordancestors.com/> www.kerchner.com/dna-info.htm<http://www.kerchner.com/dna-info.htm> www.genpage.com/genealogyDNA.html<http://www.genpage.com/genealogyDNA.html> -----Original Message----- From: Don Wilson [mailto:wilsonsearch@comcast.net] Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 11:34 PM To: SC-Genealogy-L@rootsweb.com<mailto:SC-Genealogy-L@rootsweb.com> Subject: [SC] RE: [SCEDGEFI] Genealogy and Genetics Marleen, You prompt a question: I'm a Sharpton descendant. It appears that there is no written data to link Enoch Sharpton (my 2nd great grandfather) to other Sharpton's of his time (Alexander, his father, Jeptha, etc.). If various members of the Sharpton families had their DNA tested, could this be used to establish a link? What about costs to do individual tests? Is this something affordable? Thanks for your post. I found it interesting and informative. Don Wilson Marietta, GA. -----Original Message----- From: Marleen Van Horne [mailto:msvnhrn@jps.net] Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 10:05 PM To: SCEDGEFI-L@rootsweb.com<mailto:SCEDGEFI-L@rootsweb.com> Subject: [SCEDGEFI] Genealogy and Genetics Genealogy and Genetics Genetics is the newest genealogical tool and it is the only genealogical tool that provides a definitive answer. The birth, marriage, death records, wills and deeds that we use to find our ancestors all need to be interpreted and verified without prejudice. In genetics, you either have a match, or you do not have a match. If you do not match, there is no biological/genetic relationship. Genetic testing can establish relationships. Once the definitive nature of genetic testing was established by researches at the University of Leicester in the 1980s, it quickly became a tool used by the courts and law enforcement to establish relationship and match criminals to crime scenes. In the first instance, many families immigrating to Britain were forced by circumstances beyond their control to leave children behind in the care other family members. When they were able to send for the children, the British immigration courts were unwilling to accept these left behind children as natural born members of the immigrant families. Genetic testing was used to prove the family relationship and the immigration courts no longer had reason deny admission of the children to Britain. In the second instance, a young girl was murdered and raped in a community near Leicester. The police investigating the crime had exhausted all their resources. One of the investigators had read about the research being done at the university. With the help of the researchers, over 1,000 dna samples were taken from men in the community---no match. It was later determined that one of the men who was supposed to be tested, had had a mate provide the sample. When an actual sample was taken from the man on the list, his dna matched the dna left by the murderer on the girls body. He was subsequently convicted of the crime. We now hear almost daily about the use of dna testing to match criminals to crime scenes. We are also hearing about individuals being released from prison and for that matter from death row, having been proved innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted. We also heard recently of a man in Virginia who was executed some years ago, claiming to be innocent. Recent dna testing showed that he was in fact the murderer. By this time, you will have noticed that, in dna testing, you have to have something to compare to. In genealogy, the dna of two individuals, who have established by paper documentation, descent from a common ancestor is compared. The dna of the markers on the Y chromosome of descendants in the male line is what is usually tested. This test provides definitive proof of continuity of surname. For example, if you have two males who claim descent from a common ancestor and the documentary proof supports the claim, Y-dna testing will either confirm the relationship, or refute it. If the test confirms the Y-dna of the two men matches, they definitely have a common male ancestor. If it does not match, within a certain percentage, there is no biological/genetic match. I state the last sentence that way, because there are several possibilities, a difference of a few percentage points can be accounted for by mutation, or in cases where no biological/genetic relationship exists, the supporting documentation is faulty, or the line of descent has been interrupted by hanky-panky. Genetic testing for proof of surname, or male line of descent becomes more certain when the maximum number of markers are compared, and more males agree to be tested. In women, mt-dna can also but used to determine parentage and ancestral relationships, but it is more difficult, because the surname changes with each generation. A woman passes her mt-dna to all her children, male and female, but only the daughters pass on their mt-dna to their children. Public Television is airing a program this month on how the ancestry of 8 prominent African Americans was traced using conventional research and genetic testing. If you have an opportunity to see it, I highly recommend it. The first February issue of Newsweek has a cover story on the use of genetic testing in genealogy. The December 2005 issue of the National Genealogical Society Quarterly is devoted to the subject of Genealogy and Genetics. The reason for this long essay is that I want to convey to you that genetic testing for genealogical purposes is a legitimate tool. It is not a scam. It provides definitive information on our ancestor. Genetic testing can prove our researched pedigrees, and it can disprove them. My next message to this list will be analysis of the genetic testing results recently completed by four descendants of the Oden family that lived in Edgefield County, South Carolina, between 1770 and 1820, please stay tuned for my report. If something is this message is not clear, please ask questions. Marleen Van Horne descendant of Alexander Oden Edgefield County List Manager ==== SCEDGEFI Mailing List ==== Visit The Ancestors of Nancy Oden at: http://home.jps.net/~msvnhrn/White/oden.html<http://home.jps.net/~msvnhrn/White/oden.html> ==== SC-Genealogy Mailing List ==== If you are leaving your current ISP, please unsubscribe! Digest SC-Genealogy-D-request@rootsweb.com<mailto:SC-Genealogy-D-request@rootsweb.com> List SC-Genealogy-L-request@rootsweb.com<mailto:SC-Genealogy-L-request@rootsweb.com> only one word in body of message UNSUBSCRIBE No signature/No nothing! ============================== Jumpstart your genealogy with OneWorldTree. Search not only for ancestors, but entire generations. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13972/rd.ashx<http://www.ancestry.com/s13972/rd.ashx> ==== SC-Genealogy Mailing List ==== Virus warnings are not welcome on this list. Remember when writing a query, to always put in DATES & LOCATIONS ============================== Find your ancestors in the Birth, Marriage and Death Records. New content added every business day. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13964/rd.ashx<http://www.ancestry.com/s13964/rd.ashx>

Hello All, I'm glad this discussion has hit the list...and with a specific question as to test costs. *S* You can do a DNA test...just about anywhere, but walking in the cost is going to be higher...than with a Surname DNA Project. So the big recomendation is to sign up with a Surname Project. The cost for a DNA test with an established surname project is: 12 marker $_99.00........ YES, one dollar less than $100. The above is the cheapest...but it will only provide info that dates back eons into the past. Usually pre-language of any kind.*S* 25 marker $169.00 [........about 5-10 generations back] 37 marker $229 00 [current to about 7 generations back] As a Surname DNA Project Coordinator, GRIMES & ROSSER, the two tests... 25 and 37 are where I like to see targeted. IF...you're part of a large line, siblings & cousins, with several males that would like to do this test, it can be done on a budget. 1-2 at the 37 marker level, 1-2 at the 25 marker level and then ...the balance of the fellows testing can do the 12 marker level. IF there's any need to increase from the 12 pt level, it can be done later...and without any further [i.e., new] DNA samples. This set of tests...is for males of a given surname, as that is the "YY" chromosome...which is what we're trying to follow. Surnames 'usually' are passed from father-son...with exceptions, the "YY" chromosome always is. There is a test...that ladies can participate in, but that will only follow the "XX" chromosome, which is passed mother-daughter. This test is the mitochondrial one and sadly...won't help to prove the line from a daughter...for any Surname DNA Project. :o( The costs aren't cheap...but it's a lot lower than tracing the line that you believe is yours for too many years, only to discover a piece of paper that proves conclusively that the line isn't yours. For me...I only have one lifetime to spend, so double checking with the DNA makes very good sense to me. *S* Lisa Grimes ...GRIMES is my husband's line ...ROSSER is my mother's paternal line The following list, which was all ready provided, will work. My own two Surname DNA Projects are with Family Tree DNA. *S* ================================= Genealogy and DNA www.genebase.com www.genetrack.com/ancestry www.relativegenetics.com www.familytreedna.com/ http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html www.oxfordancestors.com www.kerchner.com/dna-info.htm www.genpage.com/genealogyDNA.html -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.375 / Virus Database: 267.15.6/257 - Release Date: 2/10/2006