Ellyn: Do you know the/a name of the town from which your grandparents came? Mine came from a town called Czernowitz (now Cernovtsi) which was then (turn of century) an official 'metropolis' of Austro-Hungary. The area was/is referred to as 'Bukovina' and has passed through many different hands as you have noted. Today's Cernovtsi is, indeed, the Ukraine. It is all bound up with Galicia in some way I think... As a child I can recall that, when my mother was angry with my father, she would sometimes refer to him as a "Galiciana." There is a little story which chacterizes the way in which European boundaries and place names change over the years... Something which we Americans are not used to. A Russian man who had been born in St. Petersburg (and who had never left there) is being interviewed by a reporter just before the city became St. Petersburg again.: "Where were you born?" asked the reporter. "St. Petersburg," the man replied. "Where did you attend school/" "Petrograd." "And where did you marry?' "Leningrad." "Where do you live now?" "Petrograd." "And where would you like to live?" "St. Petersburg." Eric Roll bjolla@aol.com