Thank you for your help, Lolene. Yes, I am aware that German speaking people were not the only ethnic group who lived in Lancaster County, PA. It's like with my Adams family, I had always "assumed" that they were from England, but I have found enough documented evidence to prove that both my Adams (Adam in German) and Smith (Schmidt in German) families were from the German Palatinate. Good luck with your Wiseman family research. I would imagine that you have already looked into the early ship records for your oldest Wiseman ancestor. Have you checked the early church records in the state and county where your ancestors first lived when they came here? I was in Lancaster County, PA on a research trip this past summer and found a lot of information on both my Adams and Smith families. Thanks again for your help, Linda Monticelli **************Start the year off right. Easy ways to stay in shape. http://body.aol.com/fitness/winter-exercise?NCID=aolcmp00300000002489