They were English I believe, my CDs and books say they were English, but probably especially in Masschusetts they had Indian and Black Slaves...In Rhode Island in particular amongst the Narragansetts (timeframe before the Revolutionary War) there is this family recorded in the diary's of Rev. Samson Occum's books - he was the Christen Indian Leader of the time during the Great Awakening. Several of the Jacques, possibly mixed bloods from New England migrated to Brothertown, Oneida County, New York. This was a christian settlement of the Last Remnant tribes of New England - only purebloods were able to live on these lands and most interesting in their By-Laws it is written that there are no mixed Indians allowed. So some of the Jacques/any spelling, could have been former slaves of the Jacques English families. On my Colonia lists of 1607-1789, a CD I have for the Census of that time, the following are enumerated throughout: Jacques, no first name, enumerated in New Orleans, Louisiana 1731 Jacques, Gabriel, in Virginia enumerated in 1624 Jacques, Henry in Newport, Rhode Island in 1774 Jacques, Sieur, no county, enumerated in St. Charles, Louisiana 1766 Jacques, William H. no town or city, but enumerated in Northumberland Co., VA in 1782 Keep in mind, that is the spelling I looked at. Also of note, is the Jacques and Harry families of Narragansett Indians who play a major role and are well documented on a microfilm titled, Narragansett Indians Council Meeting Minutes from 1850-1870 in Rhode Island at Narragansett. This is of particular note and is worthy of anyone looking at these people because the Jacques and Harry's were councilors of the tribe at this time and are noted so on the record entries recorded by the Narragansetts themselves. These minutes depcit in their writing the true Narragansett people who lived there, rented spaces in the winter, etc. all before the Detribalization of the Narragansett Indians by the State of Rhode Island in 1880. In 1901, there were land claims filed by the New York Indians, this would be the collection of over 10,000 applications still in paper form on the Brothertown/Kansas Land Claims. I have sent for many of these doucments, the applications are a gem of information as they provide detailed genealogical information (Record Group 75), and were written by actual people filing their genealogy. There is also a report of rejections put out on this series and letters were sent out to people, saying why they weren't approved. The rule of the applications was that people had to write and cite their genealogy back to 1832, the time of the Kansas Land Claims. They are a gem and I now have in my possession over 30 of these in hard copy form for my own website that I plan to launch in 2006. It's a long lengthy process. On the index of these applications in 1901, there are a few Jacques family members who filed applications; Charles E. Jacques application #510, Daniel L. Jacques application #548, Lester F. Jacques application #511, William A. Jacques application #512. Because of the sequence of these applications and their order, one might assume that they were either siblings, cousins, or relatives. I don't have copies of these but am making my way down the list. So see there were Natives, who possibly were slaves of the European Jacques or quite possibly were indentures and took on the names. The Brothertown Christian Indians actually started their move before the Revolutionary War, say around 1770, some waited until after the War, and began to migrate up north from New England afterwards. The book is a very interesting read, Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England by W. DeLoss Love with an Introduction by Margaret Connell Szasz. Let me know if you are looking for someone specific, I may have some information. One of the people on this list DonnaRNCEN has Jacques I believe in her family. You could write her offline if you want to, I'm sure she'd reply back. that's her email, just add @aol.com to it. Nancy-Jo Nunez A Genealogy Enthusiast ...Member of Rhode Island Genealogy Society, Connecticut Genealogy Society, New England Genealogical & Historical Society, Killingly Historical Society, Rhode Island Historical Society, Santa Clara California Genealogical Society, Northern California Genealogical Society. Searching...searching...searching... "History is a great teacher. Read it, understand it, ponder upon the first and last chapters as well as the middle. It makes the present so much more understandable and less perplexing."