OK. Based on the responses, perhaps it is time to revisit the Queens who don't match Group 1. Clearly, the Group 4 Queens (tracing back to Charles of Maryland, and also known as the Gnatty Creek Queens out of West Virginia, right?) are the second largest group we have DNA for. And clearly, Cornelius of Meigs Co., Ohio, who ends up in Missouri traces back to this group. I am still struck by the fact that most of the rest of the people in the congregation that move to "Bellevue" Missouri originate from Iredell County, NC, where all my Queens are at. And we know that Francis Queen does not match that group closely. But even if we rule out a DNA male heritage, that does not mean that these families are related documentarily. Perhaps Francis was an adopted child and that explains why I hit the brick wall with him - Queen in name only? So the question is for the Gnatty Creek Queens - is there any documentary evidence for any connection to Iredell County, and the Presbyterian migration from Iredell County to Missouri? Any thread of evidence that any one from your group, perhaps named Francis, is unaccounted for? Can you explain the convergence of Queens from Gnatty Creek with the settlement of Iredell County folks in Missouri other than chance? Let's forget the DNA for now. What does the record say. For Carol, I have always thought that her James Campbell and our family were connected. The Queens and Campbells are thick as thieves and long interconnected in the Brushy Mountain to this day. Even if the DNA does not match, we might find other explanations that connect this family, which might eventually explain an adoption or other extramarital event explaining the lack of male lineal connections. So let's scratch out heads and look at all the straggler samples that don't match with anyone else, and see if we can realistically rule out any documentary connection with any of these groups. And are there samples fro which we expected a match with a documented group, and things did not turn out that way? Tell me where I am wrong on any assumptions. To repeat my earlier questions: 1) Is there anyone from this line represented in the DNA study? Kit numbers please 2) I am trying to deal with coincidence. With so many people mentioned in this migration from 4th Creek in Iredell County, NC, to Missouri, along with a whole bunch of Queens, it seems to stretch belief that these Queens had no connection with my Queens in the Brushy Mountains of NC, in the NW corner of Iredell County. So what does the DNA tell us about this group of Queens that went to Missouri - and if there are no Queens represented in the DNA study from this group, and you guys are related to them, then what does your DNA say in our current study. thanks Rolla