Bill: Thank you for the information. I will send for the book. My Southwicks were sent out to sea in 1659 to die, their children were to be sold into slavery. (See John Greenleaf Whittier's " Cassandra"). They were dragged through the streets behind carts while being whipped with a cat-of-nine-tails, thrown in prison, their children thrown in prison. There is a monument built in their honor at Shelter Island, Long Island where they landed and there died of privation a day apart. The ships' captains made a bargain to not buy the children as slaves, or their descendants such as my family and ancestors would not exist. Unbelievable stories. Joan Keller

Yes. I'm descended both from Daniel Southwick who was supposed to have been sold into slavery in the Barbados and his older brother John. The Quakers fought for the separation of church and government authority right from the start. Some historians say that the Salem witch trials were in part a backlash against the Quaker questioning/revolt against Puritan hegemony. The doctrine of separation of church and state was finally codified in the constitution in the 18th century, but it is important to identify and remember the prior skirmishes that led to the concept being institutionalized. Benjamin Franklin's mother. Abiah Folger, daughter of Peter Folger, was b. on Nantucket in 1667. Although Nantucket did not *officially* have a Quaker meeting until 1702, it was settled by religious dissenters who had gone there to escape the heavy-handed Puritans. Thomas Macy and Richard Swain had been charged with the crime of *entertaining Quakers.* In 1655, a law was passed that "no Quaker be entertained by any person or persons with this government;, under penalty of L5 for every such default, or be whipped" This law was amended in October 1657, making the fine forty shillings per hour for every offense. Under the provisions of this law, several Quakers were arrested and imprisoned. On the 18th of October 1659, the "Court understanding that several inhabitants of this jurisdiction have lodged Quakers now in prison, do order that the secretary issue out a warrant to the several persons & send them same by messenger of purpose to bring them with speed to this court to answer for their offense therein" These persons were: James Rawlins, Anthony Emery, Thomas Spencer, Richard Nason, Richard Swain, Zaccheus Gould and Thomas Macy. Two of the Quakers imprisoned, William Robinson and Marmaduke Stephenson., were hanged in Boston on the 27th of December 1659. All those named were fined except James Rawlins who was only admonished by the Governor. Richard Swain was fined three pounds and disenfranchised. Thomas Macy paid thirty shillings and was admonished by the Governor. Even before he paid the fine, he sold his land in Amesbury and moved to Nantucket in 1659. By 1660 Richard Swain had turned his property over to his daughters and moved with sons John and Richard, Jr. his new wife and stepchildren, to Nantucket. In 1659, he and his son John Swain, were two of the ten original purchasers of Nantucket Island. No doubt this background was well known to Franklin who although he professed to admire Cotton Mather certainly seems from his writings steeped in values similar to those held by the Quakers. Leslie Hope -----Original Message----- From: Staleygeni@aol.com [mailto:Staleygeni@aol.com] Sent: Thursday, November 18, 2004 7:37 AM To: QUAKER-ROOTS-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [Q-R] Accounts of Quaker Persecution in American Bill: Thank you for the information. I will send for the book. My Southwicks were sent out to sea in 1659 to die, their children were to be sold into slavery. (See John Greenleaf Whittier's " Cassandra"). They were dragged through the streets behind carts while being whipped with a cat-of-nine-tails, thrown in prison, their children thrown in prison. There is a monument built in their honor at Shelter Island, Long Island where they landed and there died of privation a day apart. The ships' captains made a bargain to not buy the children as slaves, or their descendants such as my family and ancestors would not exist. Unbelievable stories. Joan Keller ==== QUAKER-ROOTS Mailing List ==== HOW TO UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THIS LIST: Send an email to: QUAKER-ROOTS-L-REQUEST@RootsWeb.com The ONLY word in your message should be UNSUBSCRIBE.