Greetings, all, Doris asked why she only got one piece of paper, a bill of sale, when she ordered land records from the National Archives. Previously for another landowner she had received 22 pages of documents. Well, Doris, without even looking, I can guess that your relative bought the land and the other fellow homesteaded or at least he started that way but may have ended up buying. A couple of years ago I was at the National Archives and decided to look for the land files for my great-great-grandfather. I already knew he homesteaded (as the word in used under the homestead act, not just being the first white guy to have a farm there) from the Eastern Land Office records. They had been at another conference I attended with their CD's so I knew the details. One of his sons was also a homesteader. To get the records you have to talk to an archivist (which involves a very interesting trip through the stacks to their offices -- there are two, a military archivist office and a non-military archivist office). I explained the records I wanted to see and the archivist pulled up some other information on her database for the neighbors, as I wanted to see them, too, if possible. In the end I ordered 20 files. They were to be brought down to the reading room in two hours so I went to read film for a couple of hours. When I got to the Reading room, with nothing but a pencil and my researcher card, they pulled out my cart -- I almost fell over. There were boxes on both sides of the cart! It turns out that they don't pull the file, only the file box. Then the researcher removes the desired file, reviews it, makes copies if permitted (I was permitted every time), and finally refiles it in the proper spot in the box. The records for the homesteaders had many pages, those that bought their land usually had just one page but sometimes a little more if there had been some difficulty with the sale or if they had started out as homesteaders and then got impatient and bought the land. By the way, these are the original papers that you are handling! Many of them were folded up a hundred years ago and you are unfolding them for the first time since. My g-g-grandfather's original naturalization paper was in the file. I was intrigued when I saw some that someone else had opened a file and then put it back. Was that a fellow family researcher? One of the files proved I was doing research in the time before scotch tape. The homesteader was given a document that he had to turn back in 5 years later to claim the land. This one fellow apparently carried his with him everywhere -- the creases were so worn that they had ripped and they had fixed the problem by gluing a letter on the back. The creases in the letter paper eventually wore through, too, so the split seams of the document were sewn up with needle and thread! Of the 20 files I ordered, one was missing. I mentioned it to one of the women at the desk because I didn't want to get in trouble. She assured me that if it wasn't there it wasn't there. They were supposed to have all those records but they didn't always make it to the archives. By reading the neighbors homestead applications, I learned my g-g-grandfather had been a witness for another fellow and that the other fellow had lived with my g-g-grandfather while he was building his house. I made sure everything was back in order on my cart, took my pencil and my copies, and the guard cleared me to leave. The area I was researching is in Marathon County, Wisconsin, but I imagine the same type of thing happened everywhere. Joyce Wans Mukilteo WA USA

The Herald (Everett, WA.) Sant Jan 23, 1999 Local News section 2B QUOTED AS FOLLOWS: Judge delays ruling on old cemetery site Herald staff ( No name given -CC.) SNOHOMISH -- A Snohomish County Superior Court judge delayed making a decision on whether to amend his original ruling allowing a youth center to be built on the former Snohomish cemetery property. Judge Charles French said he will decide by the end of next week whether to agree to requests from clients of attorney Thomas Haensly. Haensley represents Carolynn Crawford and Ruth Moore, relatives of John Low, who was buried in the cemetery in the early 1900s. Haensly wants the judge to add amendments to his original decisiion that require the city to determine the costs of removing remains from the site and where that money will come from. He said family members fear the city may not have the money to complete the project and may begin digging at the site and then abandon it before relocating remains. The city earlier won the right to build a youth center on the site and the dedication of the property as a cemetery was removed. it was an active cemetery from 1875 to the 1920s, when burials stopped. In the 1940s, many remains were relocated when a highway was built through the cemetery. One set of human remains was found when soild tests were conducted on the property earlier this year. No one knows if other remains are still there. Haensly and his clients also are asking to participate in the planning of a memorial at the site. The city's attorney, Thom Graafstra, argued that in the original decision, the court kept continued jurisdiction over the case and has the right to review the city's plans as the preparation of the site for construction proceeds. He said to allow the requests of Haensly's clients would be equal to asking the court to vacate its original decision and change its judgment. He added that the city has a commitment to its plans and for Haensly to suggest that it would start the project but not finish it was wrong. END OF THE ARTICLE FROM The Herald QUOTED ABOVE. Carroll of Snohomish. * * * 30 * * * ___________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Carol, I think that this piece of mail is inappropriate for this "genealogy" list. I am sympathetic with your cause regarding the cemetery issue, and totally agree with what you are doing in that respect. But I really don't see what your local school board has to do with why I cant find a death certificate for my uncle who died at age 16 in a Wilkeson coal mine. Beth

This message was on another list - Indiana makes Snohomish look good! - Diane From: Derre Maybury <derre@batelco.com.bh > IMPORTANT!! I feel all should read this! This is horrible. They can just dig people up without the permission of their > >families? Even then the thought is gruesome.Derre > > > >> The note about the Smith cemetery in Kentucky was of concern to me, since > I am > >> also looking for a Smith line that originated in Virginia and migrated to > >> Kansas by way of Kentucky. We are in danger of losing a lot of historical > >> information by the disregard being shown for ancient cemeteries. I had always > >> believed they were considered "sacred" and would never be moved, but > >> obviously, this was an error. > >> Now, please read on, about an issue of real concern...in an area where many > >> Culpeper residents and descendants (including the Wilhoit/Wilhites) were laid > >> to rest: > >> > >> Subj: [INPCRP-L] University of Indianapolis > >> Date: 1/21/99 9:14:19 PM Central Standard Time > >> From: LawOfficeInformationSystem@worldnet.att.net (Lois Mauk) > >> To: INPCRP-L@rootsweb.com > >> > >> In the case of Rhodes Cemetery near Indianapolis, two years ago, the bodies > >> of 35 children and 8 adults were removed from their burial places to make > >> way for a warehouse being constructed by Duke Realty. > >> > >> In the case of Wilhoit Cemetery in Dubois County, the remains of up to 69 > >> individuals were exhumed last summer to make way for the construction of a > >> new home. > >> > >> In the case of Tucker Cemetery in Shelbyville, the remains of numerous > >> individuals were exhumed a few weeks ago after their brick-lined burial > >> vaults were discovered during the construction of a wastewater lagoon. > >> > >> In each of these instances (and likely many, many more), the remains were > >> excavated and delivered to a laboratory at the University of Indianapolis, > >> WHERE THEY STILL REMAIN, ostensibly for the purposes of "archeological > >> research". > >> > >> Under current state law, it appears that the University of Indianapolis has > >> been designated as the "official" repository for many of our ancestors and > >> predecessors' remains. > >> > >> The name of Stephen P. Nawrocki, Ph.D., has come up in connection with two > >> or more of the above situations. He is the Director of Osteology (PhD > >> SUNY-Binghamton 1992, DABFA 1996; Associate Professor of Biology): skeletal > >> biology, forensics, skeletal age estimation, biostatistics, taphonomy, > >> osteoarcheology, historic cemeteries. > >> > >> Tonight I wrote to Dr. Nawrocke <his e-mail address is > >> nawrocki@GANDLF.UINDY.EDU> asking him to disclose to me, under the Freedom > >> of Information Act or other legislation: > >> > >> (1) The names of all the cemeteries from which the U of I laboratory is > >> presently in custody of human remains from said cemeteries; > >> > >> (2) The number of persons' remains presently in the custody of the U of I > >> laboratory; and > >> > >> (3) The projected timetable for the reinterment of said remains and the name > >> of the persons or entities responsible for the cost of said reinterment. > >> > >> HOWEVER, I have just read the "HUMAN REMAINS POLICY for the University of > >> Indianapolis Archeology & Forensics Laboratory", which can be found at: > >> http://www.uindy.edu/~archlab/policy.html > >> > >> The first paragraph of their Disclosure Policy states: > >> > >> "(1) For reasons of confidentiality, propriety, due > >> process, site protection, and security, we generally > >> do not discuss human remains cases with the public, > >> the press, or with agencies not directly involved in > >> an investigation. We will not reveal the locations > >> of any archeological sites or recovery scenes nor > >> the names of other individuals involved. Exceptions > >> may be made in situations where public or professional > >> education is deemed appropriate and beneficial, but > >> will occur only when permission for disclosure has > >> been obtained from the individual(s) or agencies for > >> whom the consulting services are being provided." > >> > >> Paragraph 7 of the Human Remains Policy is pretty interesting: > >> > >> "(7) Our laboratory curates human skeletal remains on > >> both a temporary and permanent basis, and we use these > >> remains in teaching and research. We will accept human > >> remains from archeologists, museums, and private > >> individuals for permanent curation." > >> > >> Paragraph 8 states: > >> > >> "(8) We believe that all human remains and associated > >> artifacts represent the collective heritage of humanity > >> as a whole and that their study provides important > >> scientific information concerning the human condition > >> -- past, present, and future. Regardless of their age > >> or ancestry, human remains excavated by plan or by > >> accident should be fully analyzed, and we argue against > >> their wholesale and indiscriminant repatriation or > >> destruction prior to study." > >> > >> Paragraph 24 is really interesting: > >> > >> "(24) Sufficient time should be allocated for the > >> scientific study of archeological human remains and > >> grave goods before reburial. Periods measured in days > >> and weeks are unreasonably short. Months or years are > >> more appropriate in most cases."

Thank you for this, Carroll. Can't the Herald ever get anything right? The decision was that the city could build a Youth Center AFTER all remains were removed. Tom Haensly wouldn't ask for an amendment to the original decision if it wasn't legal!!! The city of Snohomish is expert at throwing up smoke screens. They would love to go in there and do what they want with that site and then say, once again, "oh, we didn't know". The judge made provisions in his first decision for the family to be involved in the memorial, the city just hasn't notified them about it, so they have to once again go to court to make sure the city does what they are supposed to be doing. They can't be trusted to proceed legally and morally without somebody watching everything they do. I havn't been in touch with the family recently, I just know from watching the City of Snohomish for one short year exactly what they are doing. Unfortunately, the family probably feels they have to watch the judge too! This is just wrong all the way around. This poor family should never have had to put out all the money for a trial and to have to continue to watch the city and the court to make sure they do what was legally decided is just awful! Snohomish let them put the Senior Center on the cemetery illegally, what's to stop them from ignoring a court order? Norma Carroll H Clark wrote: > > The Herald (Everett, WA.) Sant Jan 23, 1999 Local News section 2B QUOTED > AS FOLLOWS: > Judge delays ruling on old cemetery site > Herald staff ( No name given -CC.) > SNOHOMISH -- A Snohomish County Superior Court judge delayed making a > decision on whether to amend his original ruling allowing a youth center > to be built on the former Snohomish cemetery property. > Judge Charles French said he will decide by the end of next week > whether to agree to requests from clients of attorney Thomas Haensly. > Haensley represents Carolynn Crawford and Ruth Moore, relatives of John > Low, who was buried in the cemetery in the early 1900s. > Haensly wants the judge to add amendments to his original decisiion > that require the city to determine the costs of removing remains from the > site and where that money will come from. He said family members fear > the city may not have the money to complete the project and may begin > digging at the site and then abandon it before relocating remains. > The city earlier won the right to build a youth center on the site and > the dedication of the property as a cemetery was removed. it was an > active cemetery from 1875 to the 1920s, when burials stopped. In the > 1940s, many remains were relocated when a highway was built through the > cemetery. > One set of human remains was found when soild tests were conducted on > the property earlier this year. No one knows if other remains are still > there. > Haensly and his clients also are asking to participate in the planning > of a memorial at the site. > The city's attorney, Thom Graafstra, argued that in the original > decision, the court kept continued jurisdiction over the case and has the > right to review the city's plans as the preparation of the site for > construction proceeds. > He said to allow the requests of Haensly's clients would be equal to > asking the court to vacate its original decision and change its judgment. > He added that the city has a commitment to its plans and for Haensly to > suggest that it would start the project but not finish it was wrong. > END OF THE ARTICLE FROM The Herald QUOTED ABOVE. > > Carroll of Snohomish. > * * * 30 * * * > > ___________________________________________________________________ > You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. > Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html > or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Cyndi Thank you for your e-mail welcoming me to PS-Roots. I really enjoyed your seminar in Portland last October. It was very interesting and informative. I was especially interested in your talk on Federal land records, particularly the ones that are alphabetically listed. I hurried home and the next day I was searching for my gr gr grandfather Cornelius Miller’s land records in Michigan. I was elated to discover his name 5 different times and sent away for copies of the official records. I received certified copies in return which was really neat. I didn't expect for them to be certified, nice touch. I then ordered copies of the original Land Entry files from the National Archives. I received one piece of paper which was a bill of sale. This cost me $10. I was rather surprised and disappointed because I had expected more. I had recently sent away to the Archives for a client of mine and received in return 22 pages including application, witness documentation, etc. Why did I receive only one document for my own ancestor? Can anyone supply an answer to this question? Thank you, Doris Crawford

Dear Editor, We have been watching the Sno-Cem trial over the past year and have once again noted erroneous reporting on your paper's behalf. We feel that a statement in Leslie's article today titled "Court hearing could end hurdles to youth center" leads the public to believe that there are NO bodies buried at the site when in fact there are many bodies still interred there. That point was agreed to between the city and the plaintiffs during trial. The statement Leslie used is "Family members of people who were once buried in the cemetery have fought the city's plans in court." The word "once" implies the deceased have been removed or are gone. Our association is fighting hard to preserve old and abandoned cemeteries within Washington state. This includes cemeteries owned by cities that neglect a cemetery for a very long time and so badly that a judge will remove the bodies and dedication and give the property back to that same city to use for a different purpose -- one which earns money. We feel that erroneous reporting such as yours encourages the desecration of cemeteries and challenges the cherished memories sensitive people have of their ancestors' remains. -------------- Andrea D. MacDonald andimac@oz.net Washington State Cemetery Association http://www.rootsweb.com/~wapsgs/

All concerned people of high moral values: Did anyone see the article in the Herald today about the Snohomish Cemetery? I will type the article and send it to the list. The Herald reporter (Leslie Moriarity) again called the cemetery a "Former Cemetery". This time she even said "family members of people who were ONCE buried in the cemetery". This refers to Carolynn Crawfords family (the Low family). Very early pioneers of Snohomish. In the article it's mentioned they are going to place a memorial to the people who ARE buried in the cemetery. I thought no one was buried there now? Then she said the Low family WAS buried in the cemetery. Talk about stupid. I'm sending a complaint to her supervisor to have her removed from any further reporting on the cemetery. Every article she wrote was biased toward the city and I think it's time that stopped. I think it's time we called her a "Former Reporter". Another hearing was scheduled today 1/22/99 before a judge. Guess who that will be? You guessed it, French. He was the one that ruled for the city so you know how this hearing will turn out. Read the article for all the details. It's the same as before. People of very low moral values are again involved. They are giving the youth in Snohomish a real lesson on how to desecrate a cemetery and get away with it......Glen Grace.........native-4th gen

Yesterday I mentioned using university libraries for research. Here is a URL that I found last evening. You will get about 200 lines with a multitude of links for other resources, with some shown here. -- jws Virtual Community: American Indian Library Research Guide http://www.public.iastate.edu/~savega/amerind.htm American Indian Studies Library Research Guide HOME http://www.public.iastate.edu/divweb2.htm STANDARD INDEXES] http://www.lib.iastate.edu/scholar/index.html AFRICAN AMERICAN RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/aframer.htm AMERICAN INDIAN RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/amerind.htm ASIAN AMERICAN RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/asianam.htm U.S. LATINO RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/latino.htm DISABILITIES RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/disab.htm LGBT RESEARCH http://www.public.iastate.edu/lesbigay.htm This is a selected list of specialized reference resources that are useful for beginning research in American Indian studies. It points to atlases, bibliographies, indexes and abstracts, bio-bibliographies, biographical sources, chronologies, dictionaries, directories and guides, encyclopedic sources, and statistical sources. Call numbers and locations listed on this page refer to those at Iowa State University. Many of these resources may be found in (or be accessible through your own local academic institution's library. If you need help in locating or using materials, please ask your local reference librarian for assistance.

1. CORRECTION: In my refs. to Bonnie Sears, Founder - it should have read South Whidbey Genealogy Society ! 2. I unsubscribed my PSR D-version on my clarkw7iml@juno.com & of course subscribed to this w7iml@juno.com site for my PSR-D digest version, just to try to clarify the confusion as my e-mail address after all the glitch-seeking that I experienced. I saw this article in The Herald, Everett, WA and thought it worthy to share to Puget Sound devotees, as sometimes an article such as this can be of help to someone doing their research. Also, it is gratifying to see that some teachers are able to take an idea and turn it into a very worthwhile project with their students, teach history, family values, and produce meaning to the value of Legacy of the community in which they are a part - which in the long run benefits the region, state, and country. So, here is one I see as being of Value to us all: QUOTED FROM THE HERALD, Thurs. Jan 21,1999 B Section called Local News, pp. 1B & 4B. with PIX- Stanwood stories History turns on middle school students Story by Peggy Wendel, Herald Writer Photos by Justin Best, Herald Photographer STANWOOD - - Port Susan Middle School students have been digging into the past with a project to enhance the west Stanwood historic walking tour. They had such a blast, they decided to dig into east Stanwood's history, too. Resource teacher Clarene Ricarte's seventh- and eighth-grade classes are working with the Stanwood Area Historical Society to delve into the history of buildings and places. The students were inspired by the society's west Stanwood walking tour to research local history and create informational plaques. In the process, they're getting a sense of Stanwood's roots as a riverside mill town while they're making connections in their changing community. "We're finding that a lot of Standwood's history is buried. We're trying to bring it to thr surface," Ricarte said. "A lot of history was already dug out on the west side for the brochure, so we dug out the east side." East Stanwood was built around the Great Northern depot, one mile east of the already existing Stanwood. Stanwood was incorporated in 1903. East Stanwood was incorporated in 1922. The two were consolidated in 1960. The students walked to owners of historic buildings to compare the old with the new. They've interviewed old-timers at nursing homes, located old photographs and took photographs of how things look now. Students discovered that the Gunderson building, on 271st Street NW near 88th Avenue NW, used to house both the undertaker and the doctor. "The kids thought it was hilarious," Ricarte said. Jeremiah Austin, 13, was intirugued that the H & H Railroad stretched one mile from Stanwood to East Stanwood. It ran lumber and people from the west side of town, near the Stillaguamish River, to the east side where the Great Northern depot was built. "I never really knew Standwood had this much history in it. It's pretty neat that I could find out more about Stanwood and that it has tones of history," Jeremiah said. What is now the Standwood Pub and Grill, on 271st Street NW near the railroad tracks, used to be part of the Bartz Hotel. Alex Gedstad remembered going there as a child. It's set back from the road because that was where the H & H train turned around, the end of the line. People often parked next door to get meat out of rented lockers. The train would pull up and block their cars. They'd be stuck for two or three hours until the next run. Bessie's Cafe was once located east of the Bartz Hotel, where Emma's Cottage now stands. Mason Powers, 13, interviewed Bessie Templeton, who ran the cafe. Mason said Templeton, who ran the cafe. Mason said Templeton's eyes lit up when she talked about how they did things in the old days. She gave high school athletes free milk shakes when they won their games. "She said that they never lost," Mason said. "She told about how people made clothing out of flour and potato sacks. That wouldn't be too nice. They made underwear and stuff. That would be too itchy. It would be hard to live like that." "I like going out into our community and finding out what our town is about," Sarah Daoust, 14, said. "It's really fun. It doesn't bother me that it's more homework." "This is applied learning. it goes beyond reading and writing in the classroom because we're sharing what we're learning with others," Ricarte said. The students are making plaques in class to share their research. The plaques, coated with weatherproof plastic, will be place at sites of historical interest on both sides of town in FRebruary. Port Susan Middle School PTA and Stanwood Camano Area Foundation donated money to help with materials. The next project will be to publish a walking tour brochure for Stanwood's east side. Historic society president Dave Eldridge enjoys working with the students to keep interest in history alive. "The more we can get the kids involved, the better off we'll be," Eldridge said. "There's a future to keep it going." Stanwood"s Historic West End Walking Tour brochure is available at the D.O. Pearson House Museum, 27112 102nd Ave. NW, Stanwood, or at any Snohomish County tourism bureau. Museum hours are Wednesdays 1 to 4 p.m., Fridays 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and Sundays 2 to 5 p.m. You can leave a message for Peggy Wendel by calling 425-339-3097. Returning to p. 1B, there are 3 pictures accompanying the article. The 1st shows wood plaques being sanded and readied for finishing, labeling, etc. and the caption reads- Port Susan Middle School students sand and scrub wooden plaques that will become markers along a(sic) historical tour of Stanwood. Port Susan teacher Clarene Ricarte's seventh-and eighth-grade classes are woking with the Standwood Area Historical Society to delve into the history of the city's bujildings and places. A 2nd picture is labeled - Historical materials consulted by the students included this history of Stanwood. The photos are of Stanwood founder D.O. Pearson and his wife, Clara Stanwood Pearson. A 3rd picture shows - James Hemmingsen sands a wooden plaque that will be placed at Our Saviour's Lutheran Church. An insert in the article is "She told about how people made clothing our of flour and potato sacks. That wouldn't be too nice. They made underwear and stuff. That would be too itchy. It would be hard to live like that." - - Mason Powers,. 13th-year-old Port Susan Middle School student, who interviewed longtime Stanwood resident Bessie Templeton as part of a school project on the city's history. END OF THE ARTICLE FROM THE HERALD AS QUOTED ABOVE. COMMENT: Now, there is a worthwhile project that can involve whole classes allowing each student to apply talents that they may not have realized they had, produce something to show for their efforts, work as individuals, work as teams, utililze the curriculum (reading, writing, spelling, math, science, applied arts, artistic talents, innovation, imagination - you name it and come out with a much more interesting and creative project that they will recall for years, and which adds to the history and flavor of the community. It is these kinds of projects which get kids involved in meaningful activities that makes the curriculum really interesting in place of a dull subject where relationships lack to motivate and enhance the concepts that are sought in education.). In addition, when the parents of that or any other community learn of what is being done in the schools, they feel that it is time well spent, as the enthusiasm usually spreads among the parents and the community to support such a worthwhile project. Then, there is the Legacy of it which is left - the history which is recorded - the PIX - the interest - among the community, and among students in following years, as something worthy of the time spent. Hooray for Skagit County, Port Susan Middle School of Stanwood, teacher Clarene Ricarte, students of her 7th & 8th grades, and all those who contributed to, and supported the Project that is being ACCOMPLISHED ! Carroll in Snohomish. >>> ><>< <<< ___________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

What a small, small world! A 4th cousin I met through the GATES-List just sent me the link below. Note that top billing under "essential tools" is Cyndi's List! http://www.sierra.com/sierrahome/familytree/records/w1812/list Enjoy! HOLTON-L List Owner The Rootbound Researcher * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Kitty (CURTIS) Martin Kent, Washington k9504m@aol.com Researching: CURTIS, GATES, HENSLEY, HOL(E)TON, JAMES; ZIEGLER, SWIFT, POLK, GREGORY, GRACE (etc.) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Woods/8946/index.htm

This article by Michael John Neill was in the Ancestry Daily News with a note "Please feel free to circulate this newsletter to other genealogy enthusiasts!" Some great ideas on how to find those elusive ancestors.... "SEARCHING FOR PETER BIEGER'S PICKLED PEPPER WEB PAGE: USING BOOLEAN SEARCHES TO LOCATE GENEALOGICAL INFORMATION" by Michael John Neill ====================================================== Note: Readers unfamiliar with the basics of Boolean operators (using "ands" and "ors") should reference the article which provides a basic overview of these terms and their uses in Tuesday's edition of the Ancestry Daily News. It is available online at: http://www.ancestry.com/dailynews/01_19_99.htm ************************************************************ The Internet contains a vast amount of information. One significant difficulty is locating web sites that might be useful in researching a specific genealogical problem. Lists of links are one way to deal with this problem. However, they have several drawbacks: 1) The links might be outdated. 2) I must understand the list's organizational structure. 3) The list might not be complete or contain the site I want or need. 4) The list of links will not include EVERY surname that appears on a given web page or site. While not to criticize lists of links, these drawbacks limit the effectiveness with which any set of links can be used. Using search engines is a much broader approach to finding web pages and is not limited to those pages that have been categorized on a list of links. However, search engines have their own limitations, including: 1) They don't contain every page on the Internet. 2) They contain hundreds of millions of pages. 3) Frequently, query boards are not searched by search engines. 4) Online databases are not searched by use of search engines. 5) I might have wrong information that hinders my ability to locate the page I need, including: a) Incorrect spelling of surname b) Incorrect location(s) c) Incorrect dates of vital events Some of these limitations can be hurdled more easily than others. It should be remembered that not every page containing genealogical information is included in the search engines. An extended example will concentrate on a German immigrant, Peter Bieger. Peter was born in Germany in the 1830s and emigrated to Warsaw, Hancock, Illinois. His wife's name was Barbara. As Bieger is not a common name, it might be best to begin with a simple search such as peter AND bieger This search assumes the web page will contain the spelling of "bieger." This spelling may be incorrect, or may be one of many variants. Alternate spellings could be incorporated into the search. peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) All the variant spellings are placed in one parenthesis, replacing the one spelling of the surname. Alternate spellings are connected with ORs and not ANDs as one page may not contain all possible surname variants. (It should be noted that there are other possible spelling variants which are omitted in the interest of brevity.) If a search returns too many hits, it may be necessary to refine the search further (this would be especially true if the names were extremely common). The search could be refined by using other known information about the subject, such as Peter's birthplace. peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND germany Or the state of Illinois could be used peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND illinois There are potential pitfalls to using a location in order to refine the search. One is that a web page containing information on Peter might not mention the word "Germany" or "Illinois." A more serious problem is that the location may be abbreviated, "Ger" for Germany and "Ill," "Ills.," or "IL" for Illinois (while Ills. is generally no longer used as an abbreviation for Illinois, it may appear in the transcription of an original document). These abbreviations can also be incorporated into the search. Replacing "Germany" with the broader search of "germany OR ger" yields peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND (germany OR ger) Again the parenthesis are added around the last portion as we are replacing the search for Germany with the broader search of "germany OR ger." It may be necessary to perform a similar search involving Illinois peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND (illinois OR ill OR ills) A search can also be conducted that combines both locations. peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND ( (germany OR ger) AND (illinois OR il) ) Analyzing this search to fully understand it may be in order. We can think of this search as being conducted in several parts: ~ Searching for Peter ~ Searching for bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger ~ Searching for germany OR ger ~ Searching for illinois OR il OR ills The last two searches are grouped together with a parenthesis in the original search term, which indicates that the entire search in this set of parenthesis groups two searches [and begins with the second "(" and ends with the final ")"-referred to as Pot 3]. The way this search is constructed, we can think of three large pots: ~ Pot 1 is pages that contain Peter ~ Pot 2 is pages that contain bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger ~ Pot 3 is pages that contain (germany OR ger) AND (illinois OR il) All three pots are connected with ANDs. This means the only pages that will appear in the final pot are those pages that appear in Pots 1, 2, and 3. Pots 1 and 2 are fairly straightforward. A closer look at Pot 3 is in order. Pot 3 is a more complex search, which can be thought of in two parts. Part 1 locates those pages that contain "Germany" or "ger." Part 2 locates those pages that contain "illinois" or "il." Parts 1 and 2 are connected with an AND, which means that only pages that appear in both Part 1 and in Part 2 will appear in the combination, which has been termed Pot 3. The previous search requires that both Germany and Illinois (or one of the variant spellings) appear on the web page. It would be reasonable to modify the search so that only one of the locations needed to be on the page. This could be done by replacing the final AND with an OR, obtaining: Peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND ( (germany OR ger) OR (illinois OR il) ) USING COUNTIES AND OTHER LOCALITIES A search conducted using just states and countries as the only localities may still result in a large number of matches, especially if the first and last names being used are common. Using more specific geographic information will narrow your search and should only be done if broader searches produce too many results to search effectively. The county can be added very simply peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND hancock In this case the names are unusual enough that using just the county is not a problem. However, there is more than one Hancock County in the United States and this may result in hits outside the area of research. In this case, a more focused search would be: peter AND (bieger OR bickert OR berger OR beger) AND ( hancock AND (illinois OR il) ) VARIANT SPELLINGS Variant spellings can always be included in your search. If I'm searching for: john AND trautvetter I can replace the search with: john AND (trautvetter OR troutfetter OR trautfetter OR trantvetter) Including variant spellings is easy. Replace the original word with a set of parenthesis that contains variant spellings connected with OR. Don't use AND or else it will require all the variant spellings to be on the same page. Nicknames present a similar problem to alternate spellings and location abbreviations. They can be dealt with in a similar manner. A search for: elizabeth AND rampley can be more effectively entered as: (elizabeth OR betsy OR beth OR eliza) AND rampley Including variant spellings is easy. Replace the original word with a set of parenthesis that contains variant spellings connected with OR. Don't use AND or else it will require all the variant spellings to be on the same page. WHY NOT USE GENEALOGY? You can use the word "genealogy" as a part of your search (by adding "AND genealogy") to your search phrase. However, not all pages that have genealogical information contain the word "genealogy." The word genealogy can also be misspelled in one of several ways ("geneology" being the most prevalent). It might seem easier to just search for "Peter Bieger." However, a search of this type (where the phrase "Peter Bieger" is searched for) will not catch references where the word "Peter" is not directly in front of the word "Bieger." The page will not be returned as a hit if the phrase involving Peter Bieger appears as "Bieger, Peter" (as it might in an index); as Peter middle name Bieger (as it might if someone knows his middle name); or as a phrase similar to "the first Bieger ancestor was named Peter." Chances are you do not want to miss those references. PROXIMITY OPERATORS Some search engines allow the use of the NEAR operator in addition to ANDs and ORs. NEAR functions similarly to an AND, but the difference is that the words on either side of the NEAR must be within a certain number of words of each other (a "word" is generally defined to be a series of characters not separated by a space). Some search engines allow the user to enter a number to indicate just how "near" and others have only one setting. Users should read the help pages for the specific search engine they are using to determine if the near operator can be used (not all sites support it) and how to specify the word distance. If the distance is not specified, a default value will be used (generally ten). The search for Peter Bieger search can be refined using NEAR, as in: peter NEAR bieger This search would result in those pages where the words "peter" and "bieger" are near each other (how "near" depends upon the search engine). The advantage to using NEAR is that the researcher may not be interested in those pages where "peter" and "bieger" are 1,200 words apart. Use of NEAR may be especially desired when searching for common first names or surnames. If the researcher were looking for web pages on Hancock County, Illinois, a search could be entered using the NEAR operator as: hancock NEAR illinois The following phrases (among others) would be located with this search: "Hancock County, Illlinois" "Town, Hancock, Illinois" "In Illinois, Hancock County I think" "State of Illinois, County of Hancock" and similar phrases where Hancock and Illinois are within ten words of each other. BUT I DON'T WANT TO TYPE ALL THOSE SEARCHES! You don't have to. Use the power of your computer. Type the searches into your word processor and then simply cut and paste them from that program into the search box at search engine's web site. Once you have the searches entered in your word processor you can use them in whatever search engines you are using (assuming they support Boolean searches and use of the word NEAR). I would not enter the same search in fifty search engines. Using two or three of the major ones should catch the majority of pages. The searches should be saved so that you can use them again a few weeks or months later in order to search for pages again. Somewhere in the document that contains the text of your searches keep the search engine's name and URL and the date you performed the searches. Remember, it's just as important to track online research as it is to track offline research. AVOID OVERLY COMPLEX SEARCHES It's possible to create searches more complicated than the ones used here. However, the more complex your search, the greater the chance that it might not search in exactly the way you think it will (especially if several sets of nested parenthesis are used). If you aren't certain how the search will be conducted, you should not use it. Not knowing what you are searching for is not effective and is not good genealogy. SEARCH ENGINES ALTAVISTA (http://www.altavista.digital.com) uses the advanced search feature which supports Boolean searches. HOTBOT (http://www.hotbot.com) METACRAWLER (http://www.metacrawler.com) Good Luck! ************************************************************ Michael John Neill, is the Course I Coordinator at the Genealogical Institute of Mid America (GIMA) held annually in Springfield, Illinois, and is also on the faculty of Carl Sandburg College in Galesburg, Illinois. Michael is the education columnist for the FGS FORUM and is on the editorial board of the Illinois State Genealogical Society Quarterly. He conducts seminars and lectures on a wide variety of genealogical and computer topics and contributes to several genealogical publications, including Ancestry and Genealogical Computing.

Hello......I just wish to clarify Carroll's message stating that I was the founder of Whidbey Island Gen. Soc. This is wrong as I am the founder of the Genealogy club of South Whidbey, which has now become, I am happy to say, the GENEALOGY SOCIETY OF SOUTH WHIDBEY ISLAND. Thank you......Bonnie Sears

On Thu, 21 Jan 1999, Ida Skarson McCormick wrote: > > Likely you are referring to Columbus Hospital, which was a Catholic > Hospital. It was absorbed by another one in town. I think that > was St. Frances Cabrini Hospital on First Hill. Cabrini is now > closed and torn down. > > > For the medical records of small hospitals that have "disappeared" > in this state, ask the Washington State Hospital Association > (300 Elliott West, Seattle, WA 98119, 206-281-7211) for the > whereabouts of the records. > Don't be too disappointed if all the old records were destroyed. > Maybe a card file showing dates of admission/discharge and > diagnoses/surgical procedures survived. > > The King County Medical Society publishes a monthly Bulletin that > contains many historical articles. > > Information about Calvary Cemetery and Columbus Hospital may be > obtainable from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese's archives. > > The University of Washington Pacific Northwest Collection may have > something on file, like newspaper articles about the hospital itself. > > --Ida Skarson McCormick, idamc@seanet.com > Thank you Ida. I was a patient at "Cabrini" for three days. Might be interesting to see what they have on me, just to see what they do keep. So many think that the census is the record to look for, while it's really only a guide for where to look for other records. When you've found that census record that shows age and marital status, be sure to also note the town and/or county of residence. Often there will be county land and/or county tax records to search for as well. Then, get a good state map that shows the county lines. The residence of your family may be very close to the county or state line. If so, be sure to check across that line for other records. In early years people often did their business in the next county or state. The Mason-Dixon line for Penn & Maryland is a good example of that. I know that one because some of my ancestors and uncles lived there. It even effected early census records. Check across that line. I'm a poor reader, so only recently have I learned the value of Univ. libraries. They have all sorts of things, and if you don't see what you are searching for, ask the librarian about where the records are. Libraries keep track of what's in other libraries, just in case they don't want to duplicate resources. That's why they have interlibrary loans for some things. The key to research, genealogy or other fields, is learning where the records are kept. Ask (and I do mean speak up) a librarian. I'm not a librarian, but I do know that there are two or three here on this list to see what you post. Go ahead. Post your query here to get an answer. Happy to help anytime, John You wanna discuss it? Try: INDIAN-HERITAGE discussion list *====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====* # John Wm Sloniker <johnwms@serv.net> Seattle, WA # # (206) 789-6663 7323 - 19th Ave NW 98117-5612 # *====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*

Calvary Cemetery is on the north side of the University Village shopping mall. It is Roman Catholic. Likely you are referring to Columbus Hospital, which was a Catholic Hospital. It was absorbed by another one in town. I think that was St. Frances Cabrini Hospital on First Hill. Cabrini is now closed and torn down. Firlands was a TB Sanitorium which closed in the early 1960s. It was state operated. For the medical records of small hospitals that have "disappeared" in this state, ask the Washington State Hospital Association (300 Elliott West, Seattle, WA 98119, 206-281-7211) for the whereabouts of the records. Don't be too disappointed if all the old records were destroyed. Maybe a card file showing dates of admission/discharge and diagnoses/surgical procedures survived. The King County Medical Society publishes a monthly Bulletin that contains many historical articles. Information about Calvary Cemetery and Columbus Hospital may be obtainable from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese's archives. The University of Washington Pacific Northwest Collection may have something on file, like newspaper articles about the hospital itself. --Ida Skarson McCormick, idamc@seanet.com --------------- Date: Tue, 19 Jan 1999 17:31:51 -0800 (PST) From: John Wm Sloniker <johnwms@serv.net> Old-To: PSRoots-L@rootsweb.com Old-cc: RNCNOR@aol.com Subject: Re: Columbus Sanitorium or Calvary Cemetery At 05:31 PM 1/19/99 -0800, John Wm Sloniker <johnwms@serv.net> wrote: >I remember Firlands, but Columbus predates my history. > >The Calvery Cemetery I know of is; 5041 - 35th Ave. NE Seattle 98125 > Ph. (206) 522-0996 <snip> -* >On Tue, 19 Jan 1999, Colette Gregg wrote: > >> Anyone out there with information for this researcher? I have tried my >> long-term Seattle resources with no luck. If so, please reply directly >> to Teresa at the e-mail address below. >> >> Colette >> >> Message text written by INTERNET: RNCNOR@aol.com >> >> I was wondering if you know anything about a sanitorium in Seattle called >> COLUMBUS SANITORIUM. <snip> And, if I may ask, where is Calvary >> Cemetery, in the city?

Computer Literacy Helps - THANKS TO John Sloniker, Ballard, Lutifisk/Herringchoker dist., Seattle; Ray Barnett, Everett & Others who gave me moral support while waltzing thru my Ad Files/Folders 4 the Juno ad conflict that would not allow me to get to my clarkw7iml Account. I got it back OK, but will continue using the w7iml@juno.com NEW ADDRESS. Thanks, also to those who sent me jokes keeping me laffing thru it ALL. Carroll, Snohomish. NOW w7iml@juno.com AND, I wish to thank the several of you who ans'd my APB request for Bonnie Sears' e-mail addr on Whidbey, Co-Founder of Sno-Isle Genealogical Society near Lynnwood, WA., and Founder of Whidbey Island Genealogical Society (hope I have that labeled correctly). I heard from Cousin Bonnie and was glad to hear that she is fine and sporting a new Golden Retriever puppy 8 wks old, and would chew several generations of genealogy to bits if Rita, the puppy could get her sharp little teeth near it. Well, Bon, you are neglecting your genealogy for that cute lil puppy, but I can say that a Puppy is precious, and especially among dog lovers, of which I qualify, but no longer have a dog. I had two dogs by the name of Streak, or Streaker - each survived 17 yrs each on everything that a dog should not have. Both loved to eat and would do any kind of trick you requested as long as there was food of any kind involved - especially cookies and candy, ice cream, watermelon - you name it. Those were the days, when our dogs were alive - what memories! And what Love!! A lady I worked with at Boeing, Evt. was talented with accrylic paints. I talked to her, described my Last Streak, and gave her colored pictures to catch the mood, appearance, etc. She did a masterpiece - got it perfectly true to Life and I have it hanging on the wall beside this computer and savor the artistry she put into it! I am so happy with this picture, just as I was so happy with my dogs, both named Streaker. (No. 1 was a Rat Terrier, and No. 2. was a Wired Hair Terrier - Pals !) Thanks to Freddie Pflugrath, Anne Hartley, Peter "Pete" Vandergrift who sent Bonnie's address to me so that we can continue to keep in touch. Bonnie not only has my Tuttle Line, she also shares my Brown Line, of which we don't have a lot, but of which is the the very earliest colonial times. 73 * * * 30 * * * ___________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com/getjuno.html or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

I've had a break through and found my great great grandfather Orlando Cole born about 1852 somewhere in Canada, possibly Ontario. He lived in Michigan for some time and then spent the remainder of his life in Astoria Oregon. I thought that I would post this because I now also know the siblings of my great grandfather and I hope this opens up the possiblity of being releated to other people in this group or people having some info. Descendants of Orlando Cole 1 Orlando Cole 1852 - Deceased b: 1852 in Canada d: Deceased .. +Catherine 1851 - Deceased b: 1851 in New York d: Deceased ......... 2 Elias Cole 1879 - Abt 1934 b: May 22, 1880 in Canada d: Abt 1934 in Deep River, Wahkum, Washington ............. +Mary Martin .................... 3 Delbert Cole ......... *2nd Wife of Elias Cole: ............. +Rienette Whitbeck 1887 - 1961 b: December 13, 1887 in Enias, Ellis, Texas d: July 24, 1961 in Portland, OR .................... 3 Richard Elias Cole 1905 - 1938 b: November 16, 1905 in Astoria, OR d: April 08, 1938 ........................ +Ruth .................... *2nd Wife of Richard Elias Cole: ........................ +Ethel Corron .................... 3 Floyd Albert Sr. Cole 1908 - 1975 b: February 05, 1908 in Astoria, OR d: January 19, 1975 in Portland, OR ........................ +Bonnie G. Biltgen 1914 - 1990 b: August 21, 1914 in Portland, OR d: January 16, 1990 in Portland, OR ............................... 4 Floyd Albert Jr. Cole 1945 - b: March 09, 1945 in Portland, OR ................................... +Judith Ann Ghramm 1947 - b: January 03, 1947 ........................................... 5 Bruce Wayne Cole 1966 - b: May 19, 1966 ........................................... 5 Steven Michael Cole 1970 - b: April 29, 1970 in Portland, Oregon ............................... *2nd Wife of Floyd Albert Jr. Cole: ................................... +Nancy Fitzgerald .................... *2nd Wife of Floyd Albert Sr. Cole: ........................ +Doris .................... *3rd Wife of Floyd Albert Sr. Cole: ........................ +Marjorie .................... *4th Wife of Floyd Albert Sr. Cole: ........................ +Marie Gertrude Jensen ......... 2 Anne Cole 1879 - b: 1879 in Michigan ......... 2 John Cole 1883 - b: 1883 in Canada ......... 2 Lillie Cole 1886 - b: 1886 in Oregon

On Tue, 19 Jan 1999, Colette Gregg wrote: > Anyone out there with information for this researcher? I have tried my > long-term Seattle resources with no luck. If so, please reply directly > to Teresa at the e-mail address below. > > Colette > > Message text written by INTERNET: RNCNOR@aol.com > > I was wondering if you know anything about a sanitorium in Seattle called > COLUMBUS SANITORIUM. My grandfather was born in Seattle, his mother (Mary > Alice KEARNEY) died when he was 2, six months after his sister was born. > Their father (Emil LITSCH) was from St. Louis so he moved the children > here to be raised by his sisters and here we are! Do you know if the > instituition is still around? If so do you think they would give me > copies of her medical record? And, if I may ask, where is Calvary > Cemetery, in the city? > I remember Firlands, but Columbus predates my history. The Calvery Cemetery I know of is; 5041 - 35th Ave. NE Seattle 98125 Ph. (206) 522-0996 Happy to help anytime, and a reply sent to:RNCNOR@aol.com John You wanna discuss it? Try: INDIAN-HERITAGE discussion list *====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====* # John Wm Sloniker <johnwms@serv.net> Seattle, WA # # (206) 789-6663 7323 - 19th Ave NW 98117-5612 # *====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*====*

Anyone out there with information for this researcher? I have tried my long-term Seattle resources with no luck. If so, please reply directly to Teresa at the e-mail address below. Colette Message text written by INTERNET:RNCNOR@aol.com >I was wondering if you know anything about a sanitorium in Seattle called COLUMBUS SANITORIUM. My grandfather was born in Seattle, his mother (Mary Alice KEARNEY) died when he was 2, six months after his sister was born. Their father (Emil LITSCH) was from St. Louis so he moved the children here to be raised by his sisters and here we are! Do you know if the instituition is still around? If so do you think they would give me copies of her medical record? And, if I may ask, where is Calvary Cemetery, in the city?

Katie: My Hensley's also include Catherine Hensley m/Lewis Stevens in 1820's in TN. Came to Indiana, Monroe County and Brown Counties. On Fri, 15 Jan 1999 K9504m@aol.com wrote: > In a message dated 1/15/99 7:19:35 AM Pacific Standard Time, > mrhorn@indiana.edu writes: > > << Glen: What part of Illinois did the Grace's go to? Wasn't White Plains > or White County, Ill., near Alerton????? So many similiarities in your > family with mine. I have a grandmother who was a Hensley. Her maiden > name was Ethel Hensley, born >> > =========== > Hi Rosie, > > This is "Kitty" responding to the above note you sent Glen. My great- > grandmother was Martha HENSLEY, born December 9, 1849. I don't have a birth > "place" but have that she married my great-grandpa near Queen City, Missouri > March 8, 1912. Martha is my link to the GATES family. Her dad, Elcana > Delaney HENSLEY was married to Mary Elizabeth GATES (daughter of Abel GATES). > I don't know if Glen has any "HENSLEY's" in his family -- there are no > "Ethel's" listed in the tiny bit of HENSLEY data I have. But who knows, maybe > we are cousins! > > HOLTON-L List Owner > The Rootbound Researcher > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > Kitty (CURTIS) Martin Kent, Washington > k9504m@aol.com > Researching: CURTIS, GATES, HENSLEY, HOL(E)TON, JAMES; > ZIEGLER, SWIFT, POLK, GREGORY, GRACE > (etc.) > * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * > http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Woods/8946/index.htm > Rosie Horn Indiana University Campus Bus Service 855-1581 mrhorn@indiana.edu