I must correct something I wrote here on the Jardim name and its usage. I said that Jardim became appended to a surname -- and then might entirely replace the surname. Actually, it has ordinarily remained a THIRD name, as in Domingos Goncalves Jardim. Third names, usually descriptives, were common (sometimes there was even a fourth name). Standard names are Goncalves Jardim, Rodrigues Jardim, Sousa Jardim, Gomes Jardim, etc.