Thanks, Jim--- this certainly helps understand the question of how closely related folks are with certain genetic distances - a concept I have struggled with. I have sent this to several of my other families. Like most Souther families whose ancestors took those lands deals in GA early on and who moved far form their original homes the separations of the 1830's and 1840's leave classic brickwalls. Evry little piece of infoan devery little possible connections has to be run down. Thanks for your support. I am a descendant of Elmina Powell,  daughter of William H Powell who married James A Dendy  to Tallapoosa County AL in the 1842. Annie Waters ________________________________ From: Jim Barrett <parino@flash.net> To: BARRETT-DNA-L <BARRETT-DNA-L@rootsweb.com>; POWELL-DNA-L <POWELL-DNA-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, December 14, 2012 8:58 PM Subject: [POWELL-DNA] Understanding Y-DNA If you haven't looked at this list of FTDNA FAQs you might want to.  Several things have changed with the recent update.   http://www.familytreedna.com/faq/answers.aspx?id=9   Some of the changes will be of particular to those of you who have a null value for any marker (value reported as zero)  and those with more than four peak for DYS464.  See number 18, 19, 20 and 29 for additional information on either of these cases.   I suggest everyone take a few minutes to look over you Y-DNA matches.   Thanks.  Jim Barrett - Timpson, TX Barrett Surname DNA Project http://jpbdna.com/barrett-family-dna-project.htm Powell Surname DNA Project http://jpbdna.com/powell-surname-dna-project.htm ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to POWELL-DNA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message