Fred, The following definitions are taken from FTDNA's website. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) A short DNA motif (pattern) repeated in tandem. ATGC repeated eleven times would give the marker a value or allele of 11. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) A change in the DNA that happens when a single nucleotide (A, T, G, or C) in the genome sequence is altered. A person has many SNPs that together create a unique DNA pattern for that individual. The test you had tested certain markers for STRs which provides the results you have seen. These results are your Haplotype. The number of markers in your Haplotype increases as you order additional markers. To determine your Haplogroup you must have a SNP test. Currently, FTDNA will predict your Haplogroup based on your Haplotype. As additional people are tested they may refine their prediction. Last fall a new Haplogroup tree was defined base on the addition of many new SNPs. It has been accepted and FTDNA is starting to use it. I have never heard of a case where two people who didn't have the same Haplogroup were related. Your Haplotype is used to help you find more recent common ancestors, within a few 100 years. Haplogroup indicates the origin of your paternal line 1,000s of years ago. Personally, I interested in who my recent ancestors were, not those from 1,000s of years ago. Now with that said, the new designations are just breaking the groups down and realigning some groups. Jim Barrett - Timpson, TX "Fred, Sr." <[email protected]> wrote: >>>FTDNA will be updateing all Haplogroups as needed. This is already >>>starting to happen. I looked at one of the matches for 114577 and it is >>>being predicted to be R1b1c10 also. Jim, what do these new designations tell us lay folk? Fred