Many thanks for so many interesting and helpful replies. So much for my theory about the origins of the Lendzion surname. Perhaps there are several different origins. And perhaps it is not unusual that it occurs as both a Polish and German family name in that part of the world. I am now also beginning to have second thoughts about the link between Lendzion and Czerwinsk. It seems that my great-grandmother outlived three husbands, and she may have been married to one of them and lived in Czerwinsk with her husband's surname before immigrating to the US. My grandmother Mary's brother Frank was in fact her half-brother. My father's notes include the surname Czanowski as a possible surname for Frank's or Mary's father. In fact, I drove to Poland (from England) last year and briefly visited Czerwinsk. I visited two of the local cemeteries and couldn't find a single Lendzion, Czanowski or Skowronski surname. I wrote afterwards to the priest in Pieniazkowo (the Catholic church for Cziewinsk), but he could find nothing, and his records went back to only around the 1880s. I am not too sure where to go from here. I have visited the LDS family centre in London in the past. Do you think it might be worth another visit? I visit Poland from time to time, and am always looking for an excuse to go back. Is there anywhere else I might visit while I am there? Pultusk?