I believe this subject was discussed at some length in this forum within the last 60 or 90 days. You might try the archives. At this point, it certainly is not proven that Theuderic was Makhir. In fact, it appears very unlikely that he was, even if it is within the broadest realm of possibility. Jim As the clock struck 03:03 PM 9/20/2003 -0700, Chris Jay Becker took pen in hand and wrote: >Dear Plantagenet cousins, > >Does anyone hear know much about the rather controversial identification >of William the Conqueror ancestor Theodoric I, Duke of Toulouse with the >Jewish Exilarch Natronai al-Makhir? The primary reference for this is >Zuckermann's "A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France." Can anyone find >anything else proving or disproving that Theodoric and al-Makhir are the >same person? -- ================================================= James P. Robinson III jprobins@ix.netcom.com All original material contained herein is copyright and property of the author. It may be quoted only in discussions on this forum and with an attribution to the author, unless permission is otherwise expressly given in writing. =================================================