Barbara, Duels were an acceptable methodology for settling all manner of civil disputes in the middle ages; in fact, this practice continued into the 19th century in the United States [Alexander Hamilton being a noted victim of the duel]. In those times, even monks were known to slug out their differences with "shields and staves." Seems that they not only broke bread together, but on occasion each other's jaws. See Fordham University's Medieval Sourcebook entry for excerpts from charters regarding judicial duels: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/12Cduels.html#1. Best, Kevin Kevin Bradford, MLS Information Resource Analyst Lourdes Medical Library 1530 Lone Oak Road Paducah, KY 42003 Tel 270-444-2138 Fax 270-444-2869 Pager 784 "Barbara" <ladybbug@earthlink.ne To: PLANTAGENET-DESCENDANTS-PROJECT-L@rootsweb.com t> cc: Subject: RE: [PDP] Plantagenet-Chaworth connection 05/05/2004 08:25 AM Please respond to PLANTAGENET-DESCENDANT S-PROJECT-L Kevin - Am I reading this - from your notes under Maude - right? SNIP Date: 4 Aug. 1320. "To the sheriff of Southampton. Order to prohibit the bailiffs of Henry de Lancastria and of Maud, his wife, at Kyngessumbourn [King's Sombourn, co. Hants] from holding the plea that is in Henry and Maud's court at Kyngessumburn between Henry de Welles, demandant, and William atte Houke, tenant, concerning a messuage and a carucate of land in Kyngessumburn, which Henry de Welles claims against William by writ of right, unless duel have been waged, as the tenant has put himself upon the grand assize." SNIP "UNLESS DUEL HAVE BEEN WAGED"? Really? Barbara -----Original Message----- From: KBradford@lourdes-pad.org [mailto:KBradford@lourdes-pad.org] Sent: Wednesday, May 05, 2004 8:38 AM To: PLANTAGENET-DESCENDANTS-PROJECT-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [PDP] Plantagenet-Chaworth connection Follow the links from Maud's page on my Rootsweb pedigree. If you have any questions re: sources, I'd be glad to help. http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=plantagenet&id=I2 341 All the best, Kevin ============================== Gain access to over two billion names including the new Immigration Collection with an Ancestry.com free trial. Click to learn more. http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?targetid=4930&sourceid=1237 CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This e-mail message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message.