Al & Margaret and Michael- You are all quite correct about Germany history and that of the PFALZ is particularly complex as it never quite recovered from the 30 Years War. Most maps deal with post 1871 Germany such as the 1883 Atlas des Deutschen Reichs map available at the University of Wisconsin web site, or the modern as Map Quest. As Al & Margaret pointed out, for this Herxheim it matters little as it is still there, tiny as it may be. I have great belief in maps and keep hard copy of the section of the PFALZ from the 1871 map which is of interest to me and front of me. While most road maps will not give coordinates, topographical maps will do so. However, in this case, I cheated. I simply went into www.jewishgen.org/ShtetlSeeker/loctown.html and got both the coordinates and the link to Map Quest. Rob Hausman ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Robert E. Hausman hausman@bu.edu www.familytreemaker.com/users/h/a/u/Robert-E-Hausman/index.html HAUSMANN, ROUSSELET, HEERE, LAUBER, LATUS