Regarding the discussion Dutch and German Rhineland dialect Pennsylvania Dutch, Pennsylvania Deutsch, Pennsilfaanischdeutsch or PA Deutsch/Dutch is similar to the German that was spoken about 150/200 years ago in the South German speaking area (Kraichgau, Alsace, Palatinate, Switzerland in some sense, etc.). It is a "mixture" of that german dialects and some American/English expression. It is similar to the today German spoken in Palatinate or Alsace. You may compare the dialect ("Mundart" in German) at http://www.internet-fenster.de/mundart/. There is *'d Guckkaschde* with at time 3 dialect poets (Alsace/Palatine) and an online version of the PA - Dutch journal *Hiwwe wie Driwwe*. Dutch, regarding the above dialects is an "old" German Mundart. Winfrid Liebrich