Thank you Bill and Patrick for answering me. Sometimes I'm slow to pick up on things, so I have a couple of questions "just to make sure". First, does the DNA testing only work when the gene has been passed from male to male, no females? Second, the way I understand the answers, the descendents who can "prove" that they are descended from Payne A, are tested and then others who "think" they're descended from Payne A are tested to match with the ones who can prove it. Is that correct? I just want to understand a little better as I would like to be included in any tests on my family lines if they can do it from the female chromosone and will force my husband to do it if they offer it for the German line of Halls. Thank you again. Kelly Hall _________________________________________________________________ Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com