Scott, FOUND A PHOEBE H. RILEY age 34 in 1900 a daughter 17 Anna GOLDSTRUM son John 9, daughter Phoebe 6, a son James 4 and 9 boarders. Let me know if this is a find. I will send the census page or you can look it u as follows RILEY, PHOEBE H (1900 U.S. Census) PENNSYLVANIA , WESTMORELAND, ROSTRAVER TWPAge: 34, Female, Race: WHITE, Born: PASeries: T623 Roll: 1498 Page: 123 John Borland Mt Laurel NJ JBORL19492@AOL.COM

A good while ago someone of this page mentioned the Power Library" on the Pennsylvania Library circuit. I subscribe to the Philadelphia Free Library and I think they have that available. Can someone tell me how I can use this tool. Thanks John Borland Mt Laurel NJ JBORL19492@aol.com

This is my Stewart line from Jacob Stewart and Eunice Edith Dunn. Their daughter, Edith Stewart married Richard Riley from <span class="normal">Fairfield Township, Westmoreland Co., PA . Their son, James Cooper Riley, married Phoebe Dean, daughter of Aaron Dean and Leah Steel(e). I'm still trying to trace Jacob Stewart's lineage. I believe his parents were Charles Stewart and Mary Johnson but need help!! ...Scott

For those interested in the Fisher, McDowell, Stewart and related lines in Westmoreland, Old Mercer and Lawrence counties, please see my new web site www.fishergenes.com. Interested in connecting with anyone with related ancestry. Stephen

If you contact this local paper with the name and the date of death, they will send you a copy of the obituary for a fee. Valley News Dispatch News and Editorial 210 E 4th Ave Tarentum, PA 15084-1708 Phone: (724) 226 -4662 ----- Original Message ----- From: "Janet Macke" <jmacke@nalu.net> To: <PAWESTMO-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, December 21, 2005 4:02 PM Subject: [PAWESTMO-L] Obituary Lookup > Hello, > > I recently posted a request for a look up on the Obituary Look up list > with no luck. If there is anyone on the list who has access to old > newspapers and is willing to do a look up, I would appreciate the help. > I'm looking for the obituary of my great uncle Lawrence Robert DUNLAP who > lived in New Kensington. He was born in 1890 and died August 18, 1975. > > Thanks. > > Janet > New Alsace, Indiana > jmacke@nalu.net > > > ==== PAWESTMO Mailing List ==== >

Hello, I recently posted a request for a look up on the Obituary Look up list with no luck. If there is anyone on the list who has access to old newspapers and is willing to do a look up, I would appreciate the help. I'm looking for the obituary of my great uncle Lawrence Robert DUNLAP who lived in New Kensington. He was born in 1890 and died August 18, 1975. Thanks. Janet New Alsace, Indiana jmacke@nalu.net

What a great story, although glad I was not along for the ride. Merry Christmas to all. Marlene, Ohio

The list has been quiet lately, so will take advantage and post this transcription from the front page of the Latrobe Bulletin Saturday, September 1, 1906. Lillie Mowry was my grandmother. Sorry I can't provide further info on anyone else named. --RB ~ ~ ~ EXCITING EXPERIENCE ON A HAY WAGON --- Party of Derry People, Twenty Three In Number, Met With Series of Mishaps -- It looks as though "23" is to take the place of "13" as a hoodoo, at least as far as Derry is concerned, and a party of society folks from Derry, who were on a hay ride, last evening are willing to vouch for the statement. The party was gotten up by Mr. H. Wittnebel, the superintendent of the American Pipe Manufacturing Company, who is located at Derry while overseeing the erection of the new reservoir. There were just twenty-three in the party and they had a strenuous time of it, all the way to Youngstown and back. The party left Derry about eight o'clock in a big hay wagon drawn by four of Mr. Wittnebel's mules. The party got started nicely, and they were anticipating a pleasant ride, with a good supper at Youngstown. At West Derry, however, their troubles began, for in turning a corner, the wagon pole snapped off, bringing the wagon to a stop. The break occurred opposite the home of Isaac Orme, the teamster, and Mr. Orme gave the party the use of a front carriage for the wagon. This was put in place and a second start was made. All went well until Kingston bridge was reached, and there the front wheel of the wagon rolled off, the axle having become over heated. The wagon went down with a thump and Chas. F. Young, who was on the seat with the driver, was thrown under the mules' heels. His escape from serious injury was almost miraculous, as there was danger, not only from the heels of the mules, but from the wagon which threatened to fall over on him. Claude Neeley jumped from the wagon as soon as the accident occurred and saved the ladies in the party from any discomfort by holding up the wagon while the wheel was put back in place. Upon arrival at Youngstown, supper was served at the Edna Hotel, and a double charge was made, this being another surprise for the party. Mr. Young, who was badly shaken by his fall, returned to Derry on the street car, while the other members of the party went home in the hay wagon, arriving at Derry at three o'clock this morning. The "23" members of the party were as follows: Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Woodward, Mr. And Mrs. F. H. Kelly, Mrs. A. C. Cole, of Wilkinsburg, the Misses Edna Mack, Lillie Mowry, Edna Miller, Gertrude Ballantyne, Jean Thomas, Stella O'Brien, Daisy Gordan, Pearl Smith, and the Messrs. Dr. S. S. Smith, C. F. Young, C. D. Neely, G. H. Drumheller, J. M. Nicholson, J. Van Ballantyne, N. R. Banks, A. D. Doberneck, H. Wittnebel, and Dr. Humboldt, of Brooklyn, who is the guest of Dr. Woodward. In spite of the numerous mishaps the party had a good time. ~ ~ ~

Hello, if someone has access to newspaper articles I'd would really appreciate it if you can lookup the name CZERPAK. the family lived on Forbes Rd. Westmoreland Co. Thank you, Sherry

There is a will for John Geary at the Westmoreland County Courthouse. His will appears in Will book 5, page 573, dated 1873. If you contact the Westmoreland County courthouse, I am sure they will send you a copy. Helen -------------- Original message -------------- From: "Brian C. Geary" <bcgeary@uwm.edu> > Hello, > > I am looking for information on two people in my Geary genealogy. > > The first is Joseph Geary, who was married to Margaret Easley Geary > (1829–1902), born in 1822, died in 1876, and is burried in St. > Mary's/Holy Family Cemetery in Latrobe, PA. I would like to know if > anyone has census data, birth and death dates and places, and/or > parents' information. > > The second is John Geary, the father of Joseph Geary, who was married to > Catherine (possibly Coyle) Geary (1792-1872), born in 1789 (presumeably > in Ireland), died in 1872, and is burried at St. Mary's/Holy Family > cemetery. I believe that he may have emigrated from Dublin, Ireland to > Philadelphia, PA between 1805 and 1821. I believe that his parents may > be John Geary (b. Aug. 5, 1756 – Dec. 30, 1798; Ireland) and Jane Mussen > Geary. If anyone could help me with census data, birth and death dates > and places, emigrating information, and/or parents' information I would > greatly appreciate it. Thank you. > > Sincerely, > > Brian C. Geary > > > > ==== PAWESTMO Mailing List ==== > >

Brian, I found them in the 1860 census, they are living in Indiana County, Burrell Township, Blairsville Post Office John Geary, 69, shoemaker, (all born Pa) Catherine, 69 John, 30, shoemaker Jacob, 25, farmer Rebecca, 20 Edward,15 (seems the mystery is solved) George, 13, John Geary, 38, farmer Margaret, 32 James,2 William C. Wolff, 12 ----- Original Message ----- From: "Brian C. Geary" <bcgeary@uwm.edu> To: <PAWESTMO-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, December 11, 2005 6:58 PM Subject: [PAWESTMO-L] GEARY genealogy > Hello, > > I am looking for information on two people in my Geary genealogy. > > The first is Joseph Geary, who was married to Margaret Easley Geary > (1829–1902), born in 1822, died in 1876, and is burried in St. Mary's/Holy > Family Cemetery in Latrobe, PA. I would like to know if anyone has census > data, birth and death dates and places, and/or parents' information. > > The second is John Geary, the father of Joseph Geary, who was married to > Catherine (possibly Coyle) Geary (1792-1872), born in 1789 (presumeably in > Ireland), died in 1872, and is burried at St. Mary's/Holy Family cemetery. > I believe that he may have emigrated from Dublin, Ireland to Philadelphia, > PA between 1805 and 1821. I believe that his parents may be John Geary (b. > Aug. 5, 1756 – Dec. 30, 1798; Ireland) and Jane Mussen Geary. If anyone > could help me with census data, birth and death dates and places, > emigrating information, and/or parents' information I would greatly > appreciate it. Thank you. > > Sincerely, > > Brian C. Geary > > > > ==== PAWESTMO Mailing List ==== > > >

Brian, For the 1850 census Derry Township the following is shown: John Geary , 60, shoemaker born Pa Catharine Geary, 59, born Pa John , 25 shoemaker, b Pa Joseph, 23, farmer, b Pa William, 21, shoemaker, b Pa Elizabeth, 19 b Pa Jacob, 18, b Pa Catharine, 15, b Pa Rebecca 13 (female) b Pa Rebecca, 5 (Male) b Pa couldn't find them in 1860 census 1870 census Derry Township, Post Office Blairsville John Geary Sr. 79, shoemaker b Pa Catherine, 77 b Pa John, 53, shoemaker b Pa George 23, labor b Pa Joseph Geary, 48, farmer ( all b Pa) Margaret, 41 James, 12 John M 9 George B 9 Catherine, 5 Joseph, 1 1880 census Derry Township Margaret Geary, 52, farmer (all b Pa) James 22, book peddler John M. 19, at home George 17, at home Catherine, 15, at home Joseph, 11, at home I will relook in in 1860 census could be an off spelling I also have a couple of CD's that has birth records for the eastern counties I will and see if I can find a birth for John Geary. I am also courious about the male and female Rebecca's, I am thinking the census taker made a mistake. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Brian C. Geary" <bcgeary@uwm.edu> To: <PAWESTMO-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, December 11, 2005 6:58 PM Subject: [PAWESTMO-L] GEARY genealogy > Hello, > > I am looking for information on two people in my Geary genealogy. > > The first is Joseph Geary, who was married to Margaret Easley Geary > (1829–1902), born in 1822, died in 1876, and is burried in St. Mary's/Holy > Family Cemetery in Latrobe, PA. I would like to know if anyone has census > data, birth and death dates and places, and/or parents' information. > > The second is John Geary, the father of Joseph Geary, who was married to > Catherine (possibly Coyle) Geary (1792-1872), born in 1789 (presumeably in > Ireland), died in 1872, and is burried at St. Mary's/Holy Family cemetery. > I believe that he may have emigrated from Dublin, Ireland to Philadelphia, > PA between 1805 and 1821. I believe that his parents may be John Geary (b. > Aug. 5, 1756 – Dec. 30, 1798; Ireland) and Jane Mussen Geary. If anyone > could help me with census data, birth and death dates and places, > emigrating information, and/or parents' information I would greatly > appreciate it. Thank you. > > Sincerely, > > Brian C. Geary > > > > ==== PAWESTMO Mailing List ==== > > >

Hello, I am looking for information on two people in my Geary genealogy. The first is Joseph Geary, who was married to Margaret Easley Geary (1829–1902), born in 1822, died in 1876, and is burried in St. Mary's/Holy Family Cemetery in Latrobe, PA. I would like to know if anyone has census data, birth and death dates and places, and/or parents' information. The second is John Geary, the father of Joseph Geary, who was married to Catherine (possibly Coyle) Geary (1792-1872), born in 1789 (presumeably in Ireland), died in 1872, and is burried at St. Mary's/Holy Family cemetery. I believe that he may have emigrated from Dublin, Ireland to Philadelphia, PA between 1805 and 1821. I believe that his parents may be John Geary (b. Aug. 5, 1756 – Dec. 30, 1798; Ireland) and Jane Mussen Geary. If anyone could help me with census data, birth and death dates and places, emigrating information, and/or parents' information I would greatly appreciate it. Thank you. Sincerely, Brian C. Geary

There have been new transcriptions and a jpeg image of every tombstone therein, uploaded to the PAGenWeb Westmoreland County Archives site, for the following cemeteries. Ross Cemetery, Lower Burrell Township Olive Reformed (Beamer) Cemetery, Murrysville Township Anyone who has any scanned images of tombstones from Westmoreland County, or if anyone would like to help in walking a cemetery with a digital camera, should contact the author. I plan on continuing to add to the Westmoreland Archives site's collection of Tombstone transcriptions and images, and would appreciate any help. Ellis Michaels ellisrn@earthlink.net Genealogist collect ancestors...and I want the complete set !!!

Good morning, I'm trying to get information on my Forsha/James family line.. this is what I have Alva/Alvin Forsha 1872-1938 married Anna Gertrude James 1878-1963 Children: Ethel A married ? Rickard or Richard Leslie J married Florence G. ? Harry L married Ruth V. ? Alice M married Paul K Ruen or Auen Kenneth W. Claire E. married Margaret ? and a child all died in 1947 Al If anyone can help me with this family please mail me at lllorensen@socket.net My connection to this family is through the James on my Fathers side. Thanks Barb Lorensen

I am posting this to find out if any list members have heard of the term,'Bernhard's Summit' to refer to an elevated spine of land running N-S. several miles east of Greensburg. I have been researching the building of the Pennsylvania RR through the Greensburg Area and ran into the term in J. Edgar Thomson's 'First Report of the Chief Engineer', which was issued in 1848. .................................................... Next in the 1848 report, Thomson turns his attention to the Greensburg Route, he did not use his assistants’ words to describe it; he spoke in his own terms. Perhaps this was because, as we already saw him acquiring property along that route, it was his choice for the route of the PRR’s main line. But he was not ready to disclose that fact to the stockholders just yet. [begin quote] A line has also been located from the junction of Turtle and Brush creeks, which passes up Brush Creek and through Greensburg to Bernhard’s Summit, thence by the valleys of Fourteen Mile Run, Soxman’s and Magee’s Runs, to the Conemaugh, at the gap through Chesnut ridge. If the Conemaugh route, by Johnstown, should be adopted, the line by Greensburg will be about 3 miles longer than that by Turtle creek, but passes east of the Loyalhanna, over much more favorable ground than any other line examined. Its advantages, in relation to the local trade of a rich and populous section of country, west and east of Chesnut Ridge . . . give it strong claim for consideration. [end quote] Thomson’s use of the term, Bernhard’s Summit, is curious. It does not show up in local literature or map references. On the other hand, Thomson did have a habit of giving names to places. When he worked for the Georgia RR, previous to signing on with the PRR, his line came to a junction with another railroad being built in Georgia. The place where the two lines met was a little cluster of houses with a store. Thomson gave a name to the place. We still know it by that name today, Atlanta GA. Working on the Pennsylvania line, he gave the name to Altoona, then Latrobe. Did he give that name, Bernhard’s Summit, to the area several miles east of Greensburg, or was he just mistaken? By the time he issues his next Chief Engineer’s Report in December of 1849, he calls the landform Huckleberry Ridge. That is a term that has had some local currency. There was once a place on Route 30, just west of Mountain View called Huckleberry Inn. The ridge running north and south through the Mountain View area had that name at one time. Today it shows up on maps as Dry Ridge. It is the high point on the main line between Latrobe and Greensburg. The PRR’s original main line pierced it with a tunnel called Carr’s. It is now the site of a sizable RR cut; the area is called Donohoe.

Here is a link to an article in the Tribune Review today on the Shields farm in Delmont. My brother wrote this article about the SHIELDS family. It is the place where my maternal grandparents, Charles Homer and Anna Summerhill COCHRAN lived from the1920s to 1946. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/tribune-review/trib/westmoreland/s_397899.html JoAnn Cupp Grass Valley, CA

Looking for any info on following Millers: >John Miller from Lancaster who had a 1773 application for 300 acres north of Youghiogeny and was granted a patent 1788 for tract "Warrick" next to John Andrew Miller and Robert Hunter. Perhaps he was same John Miller who died 1791with administrator of Adam Weaver who later shows up in Washington Co., Pa. >Robert Miller born 1730 Scotland, to US 1751 (in New Jersey), in 1768 purchased 368 acres on Big Sewickley Creek in Westmoreland Co. He was killed 1775. >Isaac Miller only son of John Miller. Isaac and wife Margaret were in Shelby Co., Ky. by 1795. In 1801 Isaac sold tract "Warrick". >John Andrew Miller granter warrant 1785 for 228 acre tract "Milton" in Huntingdon next to John Miller. In 1791, John and wife Mary sold Milton to James Kelley. A John Androus Miller was in Shelby Co., Ky. starting 1799. Could this be same person? >Peter Miller born 1740 Wales, died 1778 in Rev. Married to Catherine Rhodes c1762. Children Isaac 1777, Jacob, Elizabeth, John, Abraham were adopted by John McKibbon who migrated to Bourbon Co., Ky. Son Abraham born 1774 supposedly in Lancaster Co., Pa. went to Nelson Co., Ky. by 1793. Could this Peter Miller be the same one that shows up on Warrick Twp., Lancaster Co. tax lists in 1771? >Abraham Miller who lived in Rostraver Twp. supposedly came from New Jersey with a possible stopover on Potomac in Maryland. Particularily interested in knowing how these Miller are related and any ancestry info. Art Miller, Louisville

To all, Thank you for pointing out this family bible. After purchasing it, I decided that the least I could do was publish the information found in it. Inside the front cover was a statement: Alice Schreckenghost - Gloria's friend September 17, 1940 This book shall be the property of Gloria Sturtz after my death. Signed: Jessie Freeman Friedline Witness: Nelle Pyle Side note: Jessie Freeman Friedline was Jessie May Williams who first married Rev. Albert Freeman, then married Edward Jacob Friedline The loose items were a piece of paper: Mary Matilda F. Strutz Grandparents Jacob L. & Matilda 1822-1896 Grandma 1838-1925 Mary Ann Consort of Peter Friedline Born Aug. 19, 1821 Died Feb. 5, 1843 Aged 21 Catherine J. Consort Peter Friedline of H. Died Feb 8, 1854 Age 29 yr 9 mo. A postcard to Mrs. Edward J. Friedline Box 15, Jones' Mills Westmoreland Co., Pa postmark Pittsburgh PA October 12, 1938 8:30PM Mount Holyoke Club Meeting: October Twenty-Second at Two O'Clock Speaker - Ross L. Leffler, Vice President Game Commission of Penna. Hostess: Mrs. John Semple Brown, 1121 DeVictor Place Assistant Hostesses Mrs. Carl Jensen Miss Florence Feicht Miss Elizabeth Darragh Miss Nancy L. Davis Please reply to Mrs. Brown, HIland 4588 Two pressed leaves that are from an unknown plant. Written inside the family registry: Weddings Thomas J. Williams & Louisa Rumiser, married Feb. 3d 1870 Births Henry Rumiser born May the 3th 1806, in Dramstat, Hessen Cassel, Germany Her ancestors original from Maryland Mary Rumiser born January the 7th 1803 (Maiden name: Hensel. Ancestry: Catholic French Huguenots Philip Rumiser was born August the 8th 1835 Louisa Rumiser was born December the 27th 1838 Henry H. Rumiser was born May the 1st 1844 Thomas Jones Williams was born in June 1830, in the old hotel in Jones' Mills, Westmd. Co.,. I In 1885 he was elected a member of the House of the Representatives of Pa. His parents were Virginians. His mother - Elizabeth Beharmis(?) Being very blue blood Southerner. His father's name was George Williams. Jessie May Williams was born on Saturday night Nov. 5 1870 in Salt Lick Township. Baptized Jan. 1872 by Rev. Miller Stanley Williams was born on Sunday, May 4th 1873 in Donegal Tp. Wmd. Co. Pa.. Baptized Sept. 11th, 1873 by Rev. Lady. George Williams was born Wednesday evening Feb. 10th 1875 in Donegal Tp. Wmd. Co. Pa.. Baptized Nov. 15th 1875 by Rev. Lady Thomas Reynolds Williams was born in the morning Apr. 26th 1878 in Donegal Tp. Wmd. Co. Pa..Baptized by Rev. Beam Nov. 9th 1878. Arthur Garfield Williams was born in the evning Apr. 23rd 1880 in Donegal Tp. Wmd. Co. Pa.. Baptized by Rev. Beam. Deaths Henry Rumiser died on the 27th day of December 1879. Mary Rumiser died on the 25th of March, 1886 "Man looketh whom the outward appearances, but so looketh upon the heart" Thomas J. Williams died Feb. 16th 1895 Philip Rumiser died March 4, 1902 Henry H. Rumiser killed on R.R. near Caldwell Idaho Sept. 25, 1990 Louisa Rumiser Williams Died Decemer 1, 1917. Funeral services were held in her son Arthur G. Williams home in Donegal Twp. Westmd. Co. Pa. and in the Jones Mills M.E. church. Interment was made in the Jones Cemetery, near Jones Mills PA beside her husband. "And her works do follow her. Arthur G. Williams died Nov. 1918 He lies beside his mother in the Jones' Mills cemetery age _______.Funeral Services were held of George ____________ ________igton St. Mt. Pleasant. Thomas Reynolds Williams his home at 6822 Thomas B______East End, Pittsburgh, Pa from pneumonia. Funeral services were held in his home Monday PM October 25, 37 Aged 57 + He was laid to rest in Lutheran Reformed Cemetery of the Middle Churches in Mt. Pleasant Twp., Westmd. Co., Pa. "The last of earth's treasures borne out to the tomb, I will tell it to Jesus my Lord". Side note: I thought that the French Huguenots were Protestant not Catholic. I also have found a Rev. David Lady associated with the Reformed church around that time. I would suggest that this Bible was probably Louisa Rumiser Williams first, then she gave it or willed it to her daughter, Jessie. I believe that Louisa and Jessie both attended Mount Holyoke College in Mass. For those of you interested in knowing why I purchased this Bible. Thomas Jones Williams was my gggrandfather on my Father's side through George W. Williams. I found this information interesting, and I hope others will as well! Susan Christine Williams

James, The place they both were from was the Kingdom of Würtemberg, now part of the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg in SW Germany. It is interesting that the 1850 census taker listed their homeland as Germany, 22 years before there was a Germany. In the tradition of German naming conventions, both Adam and Gottlieb could have Christian names preceding their rufname (name known by), such as Johann (John), Jacob (James), Carl (Charles), or Christian. Considering the closeness of their ages, their homeland, and the proximity of their residences, they are very likely brothers. The LDS IGI File (FamilySearch website) lists a Johann Adam STARK, b: 14 OCT 1797 in Geislingen Ellwangen, Jagstkreis, Wuerttemberg. Unfortunately, there is no brother Gottlieb shown. ========================== Interestingly, the 1870 census shows both of these STARK families on the same page Gottlieb Stark, 77, wagon manufacturer, Würtemberg Elizabeth, 53, PA Matilda, 17 William, 13 Adam Stark, 73, retired farmer, Würtemberg Charlotte, 72, PA Troxie Melissa, 22 ================================ The 1860 census shows them one page apart Adam Stark, 63, farmer, Würtemberg Charlotte, 62, George, 26 Gottlieb Stark, 61, wagon maker, Würtemberg Elizabeth, 43 Mathilda, 10 William G, 3 ================================ Adam Stark, 53, coach maker, Germany Charlotte, 52 Caleb, 20 Lucy, 22 Catharine, 17 George, 16 Susan, 12 William, 10 Gottlieb Stark, 51, wagon maker, Germany Maria, 51 John, 23 =============================== At 12:00 AM 11/17/2005, you wrote: >From: j.miller@james-miller.org >To: PAWESTMO-L@rootsweb.com >Subject: STARK FAMILY > >There were two Stark lines that I am aware of: > >One originated from Gottlieb Stark, who immigrated from Germany. He had a >wagon-building business on W. Pittsburgh St. in Greensburg near where the >BP station now stands. His son John F. Stark, was in business with him >and was the father of two sons: H. Frank Stark and Cyrus N. Stark. Frank >and Cyrus were partners in Stark Brothers Construction, a Greensburg firm. > >Another Stark line originated with John ADAM Stark, another German >immigrant from Wittenberg, where he learned the wagon-building trade. He >settled on W. Otterman St and had a carriage-building business in back of >his home, which sat on the N.W. corner of Otterman & Pennsylvania Sts. in >Greensburg. John ADAM Stark married Charlotte Holser and they had 11 >children, 2 of whom were still alive in 1890, Caleb H. and George. > >I am not related to any of these people. My interest stems from a study >of Greensburg industry and the Stark’s involvement in the carriage\wagon >building business. Does anyone on the list know whether the 2 immigrants, >John ADAM Stark, and Gottlieb Stark, were related? > > http://james-miller.org/ [Local History Pub's.]