In my experience here in Lancaster Co., PA, the original name was Hiestand and then was mispelled into the other variations.    In German, women also had an "en" added to thier surname. Hiestanden was a female Hiestand.   In my family tree I have a small amount of Hiestands. I have not researched beyond this and cannot guarantee the information and birth order. I have this info because Michael Zittle was the brother of my gr gr gr gr grandfather, Daniel Zittle. 1. Jacob Hiestand d. 17 Jan 1808, Hempfield Twp., Lancaster, PA m. Margaret   1.1. Magdalena Hiestand b. abt 1774, Rhine, Germany d. Dec 1848     + Michael Zittle b. 21 Apr 1769, Hanover, Germany d. 7 Jan 1850, Zittlestown, Washington, PA   1.2. John Hiestand   1.3 Peter Hiestand   1.4 Jacob Hiestand   1.5 Barbara Hiestand     + Peter Erb   1.6 Elizabeth Hiestand     + Jacob Harkman   1.7 Christian Hiestand   1.8 Catharine Hiestand     + Jacob Meyer Tina In Lancaster Co., PA    Researching Acker, Connelly, Cramer, Creamer, Keen, Keene, Miller, Peters, Rote, Vahn, Weidel, Weidle, and Zittle in Lancaster Co., PA.    Researching Bennett, Haines, Harriman, Johnson, Newcomb, Pooler, Rand, Russell, and Ward in Maine. m. Margaret   1.1. Magdalena Hiestand b. abt 1774, Rhine, Germany d. Dec 1848     + Michael Zittle b. 21 Apr 1769, Hanover, Germany d. 7 Jan 1850, Zittlestown, Washington, PA   1.2. John Hiestand   1.3 Peter Hiestand   1.4 Jacob Hiestand   1.5 Barbara Hiestand     + Peter Erb   1.6 Elizabeth Hiestand     + Jacob Harkman   1.7 Christian Hiestand   1.8 Catharine Hiestand     + Jacob Meyer Tina In Lancaster Co., PA    Researching Acker, Connelly, Cramer, Creamer, Keen, Keene, Miller, Peters, Rote, Vahn, Weidel, Weidle, and Zittle in Lancaster Co., PA.    Researching Bennett, Haines, Harriman, Johnson, Newcomb, Pooler, Rand, Russell, and Ward in Maine.