We are ALL still anxiously awaiting the shipment and receipt of our Y-Line Y-Chromosome DNA test kits from Oxford Ancestors in the UK to the 36 male PAGEs whose names and addresses I sent to Prof. Sykes at Oxford University at the end of January. There is more on the subject of molecular genealogy presented by Brigham Young University at their website: http://molecular-genealogy.byu.edu/genealogy.htm Quoting from a portion of their website: "Commonly employed genetic systems used to test relatedness are autosomal genes or markers contained on the non-sex chromosomes, the Y-chromosome (Y-cs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). While chromosomes exist in pairs in the nucleus of every cell, mtDNA is more numerous and is located outside the nucleus in the mitochondria. Chromosomes are subject to recombination or shuffling every generation and are not necessarily inherited intact from generation to generation. This characteristic property of genetics introduces the diversity found among peoples and is responsible for the unique genetic identity that defines an individual. Y-cs and mtDNA are novel in that they experience limited or no recombination. Y-cs DNA is inherited from father to son and it has been noted to follow the transmission of surnames. mtDNA is inherited by all children from their biological mother but only passed on through daughters. Each of these systems can be differentially used to answer various questions of genealogical interest. The process of molecular, or genetic, genealogy is able to reconstruct certain genealogies and determine relationships between individuals through the identification of absolutely unique combinations of genetic markers. A genetic marker represents a specific location on a chromosome where the basic genetic units exist in a variable number of repeated copies. Variant copies at any chromosomal location are termed alleles. While any two individuals may share alleles at one or a few locations, examination of several dozen or hundreds of locations will uncover differences even among closely related persons. The compilation of multiple genetic markers is referred to as a genotype and serves as the unique genetic identifier for any given individual." It should be noted that BYU tests blood samples, whereas Oxford Ancestors tests saliva, although a hair sample may also be requested. I will keep everyone informed as we learn more from Prof. Sykes and Oxford Ancestors about their procedures and schedule. George W. Page