The German letter V is pronounced "fah". It is sounded like the English letter F. Verboten (forbidden) is pronounced "fairboten". In PA-Dutch, it is pronounced "fahbudda". That little german car which we called a VW (vee-dubya) is a "fah-vay" in Germany. There are some German words that are pronounced like the English V; Vakuum, Vampir, Vanille, Variete, Vase, Vatikan, to name a few. Ver is a common prefix in German. When used with a verb it means "to" as in "verändern" (to change). In PA-Dutch, we said "fah-en-ah-ra". Veränderlich (fah-en-ah-lich) is an adjective meaning changeable. Veränderung is a noun meaning change; I can't recall that we used it. A German might say," Ich habe eine berufliche Veränderung gemacht" ( I made a change of jobs); we would have said, "Ich hop en onnahrah jop grickt" (I got another job). Von means from; it is pronounced "foan"; we said a short "foon". Baron Manfred [foan, not von] Richthofen. Vor is a prefix meaning in front of, as well as several other meanings. It is pronounced "for". A "Vorbau", for example, would be a porch. We used the English "porch". The front porch was "dee feddahsht porch" and the back porch was "dee hinnahsht porch". In Newmanstown, every front porch had a swing; in the summertime, pre a/c and pre-tv, the front window would be open; and someone would be sitting on the swing, listening to the radio. Vorhaben means intention as in "What do you have ahead?". We used to say, "wos husht im gong?" (what do you have going?). Some suffices (or suffixes) used both the ver and vor prefices. In PA-Dutch, we pronounced them with a slightly different sound; and we put the accent on different syllables. Verlassen (fah-LUSSA) means to leave; Vorlassen (FOR-lussa, without the rolling R) means to let someone go ahead. Vermachen (fah-MACHA) means to bequeath; Vormachen (FOR-macha), to show how. We said, "Ich weis dah wie". We had an expression in PA-Dutch; "Ich hop mich fahshlookt" (to swallow the wrong way) which meant that some food had become lodged in one's throat (windpipe). Our translation for this was "I got it in the wrong throat". I can't forget to mention our famous PA-Dutch word "fah-hoodelt" which means confused. The German word is verwirrt. And fah-hoonst which means damaged, marred, messed up because of ineptness or carelessness. The German word is "verhunzen" which means to ruin. The last word under V is vulkanisch which means volcanic. It also means that I have no more to say. I thank you for your patience (Ich bedunk mich fah eerah Geduld). Richard Emlin Reed Wesley Chapel, FL