Rebecca Christenson sent me the following email questioning FTDNA's conclusion on DYS 390 in my last email. Under these circumstances, funding this upgrade at $59.00 (we already have $14.00) would be a good investment. Anyone interested? Roy Johnson DNA coordinator Roy, I saw the note on the website. Although a couple of hundred years late, it is very interesting that Antony Pace's line is in the same area as Richard Pace. Evidently FTDNA still claims DYS 390 is a slow marker(?), but it actually is one of the faster markers tested by FTDNA - in the fastest third of FTDNA's markers. A chart showing gene diversity among the various haplogroups for the different markers and the mutation rates for the markers for R1b based on a study of ysearch entries can be found on the following page. http://www.geocities.com/null439/GenDiv3.htm The misreporting of mutation rate speeds by FTDNA was discussed earlier this month on the Genealogy-DNA list - evidently FTDNA is planning on updating their information soon. (??) http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2006-01/1137962307 Here is a Genealogy-DNA list e-mail message that discusses the fast and slow markers tested by FTDNA and DNA Heritage. http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2006-01/1137954411 Rebecca