Re: "Do they suggest he is NOT descended from the claimed Edmund Pace, presumed son of John Pace/Sarah Burgh?" I wouldn't draw that conclusion from the DNA evidence. To me, the results suggest that 26541 is in fact related to Roy's group 3, but the details of descendancy can't be determined from Y-chromosome testing. This donor seems to bridge both of Roy's groups 3a and 3b in that he carries the 3b allele (12) on marker 6, but he carries the 3a allele (29) on marker 21. The only other donor claiming descendancy from Edmund or Edmond is 21419 (Roy has them adjacent in the chart). These two are identical for Roy's two differentiating markers (6 & 21), but they differ at marker 23. These markers do change over time (generations) via mutations. The nature of mutations is that they are relatively rare, they occur at random and they are unpredictable. That's why we can't use them to answer specific questions relative to our family tree (such as the one that you phrased), but we can use them to answer more general questions. But even these answers are more properly given in terms of probabilities rather than certainties. Joe Anderson ----Original Message Follows---- From: "MAC" <olems@bellsouth.net> Reply-To: "MAC" <olems@bellsouth.net> To: PACE-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [PACE-L] Re: New DNA results #26541 Date: Sat, 8 Apr 2006 16:58:01 -0500 Is anyone out there familiar enough with DNA testing to explain what the new results for #26541 mean? I have no idea how to interpret these differences. Do they suggest he is NOT descended from the claimed Edmund Pace, presumed son of John Pace/Sarah Burgh? M.A. Causey ----- Original Message ----- From: "Roy Johnson" <royj@webster.edu> To: <PACE-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 04, 2006 9:23 PM Subject: [PACE-L] New results 26541 >25 marker upgrade just posted on Results page >for #26541. I re-organized >the order of the listings to bring like results >closer together; note >interesting combinations in markers 6, 21, 23. >I will leave it to members >of those lines to sort out the meaning. > >http://www.pacesociety.org/DNA/results.htm >Roy Johnson >DNA coordinator ==== PACE Mailing List ==== Be sure to check the Pace Family Genealogy Forum at http://genforum.com/pace/ and the Pace Network at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace