Refer to Bruce Howards book, he claims this Henry Pace was a sailor ( page 51-52) and not a perm. residence. There are several other Henry Paces. Indentures did not have a set period, the same as any contract it had a start time and finish time. Many times the indenture was written on a single piece of paper, torn in half and each party retained a half. At the end of the indenture the court would decied if the contract was fulfilled and the person could become a free man (woman). At this time they were free to own land. Many became overseers on large plantations or rented or share cropped. Many tricks were used to extend indenture periods. Once indentured persons dried up slavery became the work force. Before slavery many free blacks migrated to America. Jack Pace ==================================================================== Fri, 04 Aug 2006 23:28:33 +0000 roy.w.johnson@att.net writes: > I don't have the record at hand, but there was a Henry Pace recorded > somewhere or otrher as a headright. Some tried to tie him in to > John of Middlesex (seems they tried to tie nearly everyone into > John). But Bruce Howard said he was a come and go sailor who did not > settle here, but Bruce did not cite his evidence. > > Maybe it was a scam and he came as headright, got some pay from the > person who brought him, then went back. > > As you say, headrights could be all sorts of folks. > > And your discussion of the changes in early Virginia are > interesting, Becky, if the post of Pace Society Historian becomes > vacant, I would nominate you. You have a very extensive and > detailed knowledge of early Virginia history. > > And as for servants becoming landowners--I just recalled the history > of the first blacks in Jamestown. There was no permanent slavery in > English law at that time (only indentured servitude), and in absence > of a contract, the period of service of a servant had a statuatory > limit--I think it was either 14 or 17 years. So that first shipload > of blacks was relesed after their time. At least one of them became > a landowner and imported white indentured servants. I don't recall > the name. > > Roy Johnson > > -------------- Original message from "Becky Mosely" > <beckymosely@comcast.net>: -------------- > > > > EXAMPLE: An early arrival, THOMAS BRADFORD: ( No connection has > been made to my > > Richard but I am using this to show that just because someone was > shown as a > > headright, indentured servant that was not always the case.) > > > > 1635 > > > > Ultimo July, 1635. Theis underwritten names are to be transported > to > > Virginea, imbarqued in 'ye Merchant's Hope', Hugh Weston, Mr., per > examinacon by > > the Minister of Gravesend, touching their conformitie to the > Church discipline > > of England, and have taken the oaths of allegeance and supremacie. > THO. > > BRADFORD........Years 40 page 117, The Original Lists of Persons > of Quality, > > 1600-1700, by John Camden Hotten > > > > > > > > 1640 > > > > ROBERT HOLT, merchant, 700 acs. James Cittie Co., 23 July 1640, p. > > > 727. On E. side of Chichahominy Riv. at the head of Checroes Cr. > etc., E. from > > the bounds of land of Mr. John Felgate, crossing the Nly. br. of > sd. creek > > etc., N. upon land of Edward sanderson etc. 500 acs. by pattent > graunted to sd. > > Holt & Richard Bell, 2 Mar. 1638 which said Bell hath since > assigned his share > > unto sd. Holt, reserving his owne per adv. & trans. of 1 servt. > 200 acs. for > > trans. of 4 pers. The following names appear: ROBERT HOLT, JOHN > NEWHOWSE, > > WILLIAM ALLEN, STEPHEN BEANE, ANTHO. LUCO, SAMLL. LUCAS, ROBERT > PHILLIPSON, THO. > > KEYES, THO. BRADFORD, RALPH BLAKIN, RICHARD BURGIS, JAMES DAVIS, > JOHN BUDGE. > > pg. 123, Vol 1, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Nugent > > > > > > > > David T. Bradford states in 'THE BRADFORDS OF CHARLES CITY > COUNTY': > > > > "Thomas, a headright for James City merchant Robert Holt, died a > bachelor > > in James City in 1671. His will was filed in England in the > Prerogatory Court > > of Canterbury." > > > > > > > > IT IS HISTORICALLY ASSUMED THIS THOMAS WAS JUST ANOTHER > 'HEADRIGHT', indentured > > to HOLT. If all of this is the same THOMAS he was born in 1595 and > died at 76 > > years of age..... still owned property in England... no > descendants... bbm > > > > > > > > "MIGRATION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH ATLANTIC WORLD" by > Alison Games > > > > Harvard University Press, 1999 > > > > > > > > Page 34: George Grace reversed Gibbs's travel pattern. Like > several other > > travelers to the colonies, Grace was a merchant. Many merchants > were seasoned > > colonial traders, like John Redman, John Chappell, Nathaniel > Wright, Nathaniel > > Braddock and THOMAS BRADFORD. [61] ............... Before his > American voyage, > > Grace exported cloth to Holland and owned a house in Delft where > he kept his > > goods. > > > > note: 61. John Chappell and Nathaniel Wright had imported goods > from the > > colonies - Virginia tobacco and muscavado (unrefined) sugar - to > London in 1633. > > In 1635 Chappell boarded a ship for Virginia, whereas Wright > traveled to > > Barbados. Three other Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, > THOMAS BRADFORD, > > and John Butler, were tobacco merchants. Wright imported sugar, 25 > January > > 1632/3, whereas Chappell imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, E > 190/38/1, f. > > 12 recto, f. 59 recto, London Port Book 1632-1633, PRO. For John > Redman, see > > Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA 13/111 (no page > numbers); for > > John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso, lists his tobacco imports in > 1637, PRO; for > > THOMAS BRADFORD, see petition, c. 1644, of merchants, grocers, and > others > > dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. On the circumstances > that inspired > > and bedeviled these tobacco merchants, see John Pagan, "Growth of > the Tobacco > > Trade between London and Virginia, 1614-1640," Gu! > > ildhall Studies 3 (1979): 248-262 > > > > > > > > Page 197/8: Whereas colonial residents ventured east across the > ocean to > > procure goods and favors for their American homes, London > merchants reversed the > > process. They voyaged west to secure the annual flow of lucrative > colonial > > products. London merchants comprised anywhere between 5 and 10 > percent of the > > population of travelers from England to the colonies in the early > decades of > > settlement. These men, or their factors and representatives, > voyaged to cement > > commercial ties with colonial merchants and planters and to ensure > their own > > share of the colonial spoils. The new American colonies required > any product > > that a merchant chose to export, and in return, merchants imported > colonial > > crops such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo in the 1630s and > 1640s. > > Indeed, one did not even need to be a member of a merchant guild > to trade with > > the colonies because the North American trade was not restricted. > Thus, in > > Jacob Price's words, a 'huckster horde" traveled to the c! > > olonies with a motley assortment of goods to barter for colonial > crops. [26] > > > > London merchants aboard ships in 1635 traded in both tobacco and > sugar. > > John Chappell was an importer of Virginia tobacco and in 1635 > boarded a boat to > > travel there. Nathaniel Wright had imported sugar to London in > 1633: two years > > later, he boarded a ship to Barbados. [27] Later records reveal > three other > > Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, Thomas Bradford, and John > Butler, to have > > been tobacco merchants. [28] Possibly their voyages in 1635 > launched their > > careers. Thus we see in the case of these five men the importance > of personal > > trips to the colonies for those merchants engaged in marketing > colonial > > products. Other merchants traveled in that year, including Abraham > Johnson, > > George Grace, and Nathaniel Braddock, bound for Virginia. At least > one of these > > men, George Grace, found himself resident in Virginia for at least > three years > > after his entrepreneurial voyage in 1635, presumably still waiting > to recoup his > > fortunes.[29] > > > > NOTES: 26. Jacob Price, 'Perry of London' (Cambridge, Mass.: > Harvard > > University Press, 1992), p. vii. > > > > 27. Wright imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, f. 59 recto, E > > 190/38/1, London Port Book 1632-33, PRO. Wright, of course, was > not yet > > importing sugar from Barbados in 1635. > > > > 28. For John Redman, see Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May > 1637, HCA > > 13/111 (no page numbers); for John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso > lists his > > tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for Thomas Bradford, see petition, > c. 1644, of > > merchants, grocers, and others dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. > 9, BL. > > > > 29. Jacob Price has noted that these voyages back and forth formed > a > > family strategy for some mercantile firms and kin: unfortunately, > there is not > > enough evidence for these particular merchants, although clearly > some families > > benefited from far-flung trade and kin networks. Price, 'Perry of > London', p.1. > > > > > > > > Comment: It is clear from Ms. Games research that travel between > > England and the Colonies was not uncommon. bbm > > > > > > > > FURTHER from CAVALIERS & PIONEERS: > > > > A few facts to remember in reading Patents from Cavalier & > Pioneers Vol. 1, > > Nugent: Introduction: > > > > "The term headrights in connection with a patent for land has been > subject > > to no little misunderstanding. Elucidation is therefore in order. > > > > For the purpose of stimulating immigration and the settlement of > the Colony > > the London Company ordained that any person who paid his own way > to Virginia > > should be assigned 50 acres of land "for his owne personal > adventure," and if he > > transported "as his owne cost" one or more persons he should, for > each person > > whose passage he paid, be awarded fifty acres of land. There is, > for instance, > > the case of Sir Thomas Lunsford, Knight and Baronett, who on > October 24, 1650 > > was granted 3,423 acres for the transportation of sixty-five > persons including > > himself, members of his family, friends, and servants, many of > whom were > > doubtless indentured, or bound for a period of service. > > > > Among the headrights are found persons of all social classes, > nobility and > > gentry, yeomanry, indentured servants (some of good family and > connection in > > England), and negroes. > > > > It is not to be assumed that the claim for land in consequence of > a person > > transported was made immediately after the arrival of the > "headright" in the > > Colony. ......The head rights may have arrived in the Colony long > before the > > patentee had enter claim for land thereby due. Nor is it to be > assumed that the > > headright is necessarily an immigrant. Even men of prominence in > the Colony, > > through a voyage or repeated voyages to England and return, appear > as > > "headrights" of friends or relatives, who acquitted the cost of > the passage in > > order to obtain the consequent land. > > > > ........Before obtaining land for the transportation of > "headrights" the > > claimant was required to present a receipt in proff that the > passage money was > > duly paid. But despite all precautions fraud and deception were by > no means > > uncommon. > > > > > > > > > > > > Soooo.... from the above we don't even know what year someone may > have come.... > > is it their first voyage... were they born here... went back to > England for > > education, marriage, shopping, etc... are they merchants who > travel frequently > > back & to.... Who knows? Social status? > > > > Regards, Becky > > > > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > > Be sure to check the Pace Family Genealogy Forum at > http://genforum.com/pace/ > > and the Pace Network at > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace > > > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > You can search archived messages from the Pace Mailing List by going > to http://searches.rootsweb.com. If you need instructions just ask > me - gordonpace@comcast.net > > WE are FREE because of the BRAVE.