James: Your message suggests that we don't know who the children were of the Richard Pace who was a son of George Pace and Sarah Maycock. I think this is fairly well known: Richard III b. 1661, Sarah b. 1662, George b. abt 1663, Elizabeth b. 1664, James b. 1666, John, Sr b. 1668 and Ann b. 1674. Gordon W. Pace -----Original Message----- >From: James Blair <jnb05042000@yahoo.com> >Sent: Aug 6, 2006 6:32 AM >To: PACE-L@rootsweb.com >Subject: Re: [PACE-L] Documents, questions, speculations > >That's a great offer, Becky. Thank you. > >I guess probably a lot of the evidence we would dearly like >to have is just no longer there. > >For instance, we would like to know whether George (son of >Richard and Isabella) had more than the one son Richard. >The wording of the deed of 25 Feb 1658/9 seems to allow for >that possibility (perhaps a son of a second marriage), but >there's probably little chance of discovering evidence. > >And secondly of course what we would all most like to know >is the number and names of the children of Richard (George, >Richard). > >Well, those two questions may be unanswerable, but here is >a third question which would may be less of a brick wall: >what was the name of Mary who was granted administration on >the estate of her deceased husband Richard Pace in Feb >1677/8? > >Mary was married to her Richard Pace by 13 March 1661/2, >when he sold to Richard Taylor land in which Mary >apparently had an interest. It would be interesting to >know why her consent was required. It might point to who >her parents were, or perhaps to a previous marriage. > >The land is described as: > >"...land on Powells Creek beginning at Buckland Island up >creek to road called Hawksnest to Reedy Bottoms as far as >Wm. Wilkins plantation..." > >If only it could be discovered who originally patented that >land, it might reveal Mary's parentage. > >Another interesting question: why was this Richard Pace an >executor of the estate of Hugh Kirkland, and why did Mary >take the orphans? It may mean nothing, but it COULD mean >that there was a closer relationship between Richard and >Mary and Hugh Kirkland than we at present know of. For >instance, Mary could have been a Kirkland. > >There is the court case brought by Thomas Kirkland (one of >the orphans?) on 3 Aug 1692, against Nicholas Whitmore and >his wife Mary as executrix of her deceased husband Richard >Pace one of the executors of Hugh Kirkland. In your notes >which you posted, it is suggested that this case had >something to do with orphan Hannah Pitt. Well, I am >speculating that perhaps Hannah's mother was born Hannah >Kirkland and married a Pitt, and now the orphan's uncle >Thomas is trying to get the estate of Richard Pace dec'd to >pay money which Thomas thinks is owed to Hannah. > >Only speculation of course. > >And my final question: is it proved that the "relict of >Richard Pace" who married Briscoe is the same person as >Mary, widow of Richard Pace who subsequently married >Nicholas Whitmore? The Briscoe marriage seems very >unexpected, and unconnected with the people Richard and >Mary Pace were otherwise involved with. > >You mention in your notes that William Briscoe left >everything to Ann Holden (Holder). She seems to have been >his daughter-in-law, according to a post on the >HOLDER-DNA-L list >(http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/HOLDER-DNA/2004-12/1103162204). > And he was a blacksmith. > >What I'm thinking is that if there really were two >unrelated Richard Paces, the Richard Pace relict who >married William Briscoe could have been a different person >from Mary Pace. > >Just some of my thoughts about the various unanswered >questions. We may never know the answers but then again, >who knows what may turn up in an unexpected place? > >James > > >--- Becky Mosely <beckymosely@comcast.net> wrote: > >> >> If you have a list or recommendation of what we need - >> please send it to me. >> > > >__________________________________________________ >Do You Yahoo!? >Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around >http://mail.yahoo.com > > >==== PACE Mailing List ==== >You can search archived messages from the Pace Mailing List by going to http://searches.rootsweb.com. If you need instructions just ask me - gordonpace@comcast.net > ________________________________________ PeoplePC Online A better way to Internet http://www.peoplepc.com

Can anyone explain to me what this means? Fleet, Vol 3 page 303 Charles City County 18 Oct 1664 "Rich'd Baker having proved in Court by confession of Richard Pace and John Rosser that he hath fully pd the estates of the orphans in his tuition is released from his bond for the sd. Orphanes estates, and the court consequently discharged by the personall confession of said orphans." Presumably this is Richard Pace the orphan of George Pace? I thought his guardian was William Baugh. How does Richard Baker come to be paying him his estate? I wonder if the deed of gift from Richard Baker to Richard Pace (21 Jan 1664/5) is connected with this. --------------------------------- The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email address from your Internet provider.

I have often wondered if only Rich.Pace and Rosser were the only orphans or if siblings of Rich.Pace and Rosser were also included. Could the gift of land be a payback of land court allowed Baker to hold during truancy Jack Pace

Thanks. It does look as if it could well be the same person. No idea who he was or where he came from. Joyce <joy_harr@swbell.net> wrote: There's another reference about 5 years later for one George PACE referencing the Blackwater...from the Library of Virginia online index cards for Land Office Patents and Grants--there should be a linked image as well: Pace, George 20 Apr 1687 Charles City County 600 a. on the south side of James River, nigh the Blackwater; adjoining the land of John Williams Patents 7, 1679-89, p. 554 --------------------------------- Copy addresses and emails from any email account to Yahoo! Mail - quick, easy and free. Do it now...

I misread this. It doesn't say "Arthur Allen Pit", it says "Arthur Allen Plt" (plaintiff). Should have realized that, because clearly this "trespass" case refers to Bacon's Rebellion, when Nathaniel Bacon and his men took over Arthur Allen's house. gnlgy458 <gnlgy458@yahoo.co.uk> wrote: There is a record of a case of trespass 14 Sept 1677 involving a Captain Arthur Allen Pit. Richard Pace is on the jury. He could not be Hannah's husband but possibly from the same family? --------------------------------- The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email address from your Internet provider.

I have just completed and uploaded the page on miscellaneous Paces. Thanks to all who sent me hints and records. Now these are available permanently for folks to access and check on the Pace Network. Maybe some day someone will have more knowledge or we will find some way to connect present day "unidentified" Paces to these folks. Of course for all we know some of them could be from the Richard or John line and possess the same DNA. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace/Misc_paces.htm If you are typing it in, that's an underline character in Misc_paces.htm Please check it out ane make any comments, find any errors, suggestions, etc. Roy Johnson

I thought that would get your attention! What the deuce is biblical exegesis and how could it possibly relate to DNA? For more thatn 1000 years, the books of the Bible were hand copied before Gutenberg invented the printing press. The originals and the earlier copies have long since deteriorated. Inevitably errors crept into the copies. Exegesis is the study of the earliest possible texts to try to get back as close to the original wording as possible. While I was reading a book on this subject, it jumped out at me how similar this is to DNA. You have one "father" document and multiple copies. The errors are like mutations, and are used by scholars in much the same way as DNA. Let's say St. Paul writes a letter. Four people copy that letter. Call them A, B, C, and D. Three of them make no mistakes. But D copies one word incorrectly--a "mutation"! The original letter is the "father". The four copies are the "sons". The original is lost or deteriorates (the father "dies"). More copies are made of those copies. Then others copy the copies. Those who copy D will also copy the incorrect word. So all "descendents" of D will have that one "mutation". Scholars would then assume that the "descendents" of A, B, and C are more likely to be like the originalte--that is, they have the same "DNA" as the "father". Remember that A, B, C, and D are "brothers", coming from the same "father" document, but D has one "allele" difference from his "brothers." Darlene, this is why the one allele difference does not prove that the two men in question are not brothers. They could very well be brothers but one brother's DNA was not an exact copy of his father's; there was one "mistake" just like in the example above. This thought came to me out of nowhere when I was reading the book "Misquoting Jesus", which I can reference if anyone is interested. It is controversial if you are a biblical literalist, and might shake up some ideas about the Bible. I have not mentioned it before as this is not the forum for the discussion of religion, but the comparison with DNA was so striking that I thought it might help someone. Roy Johnson

That's a great offer, Becky. Thank you. I guess probably a lot of the evidence we would dearly like to have is just no longer there. For instance, we would like to know whether George (son of Richard and Isabella) had more than the one son Richard. The wording of the deed of 25 Feb 1658/9 seems to allow for that possibility (perhaps a son of a second marriage), but there's probably little chance of discovering evidence. And secondly of course what we would all most like to know is the number and names of the children of Richard (George, Richard). Well, those two questions may be unanswerable, but here is a third question which would may be less of a brick wall: what was the name of Mary who was granted administration on the estate of her deceased husband Richard Pace in Feb 1677/8? Mary was married to her Richard Pace by 13 March 1661/2, when he sold to Richard Taylor land in which Mary apparently had an interest. It would be interesting to know why her consent was required. It might point to who her parents were, or perhaps to a previous marriage. The land is described as: "...land on Powells Creek beginning at Buckland Island up creek to road called Hawksnest to Reedy Bottoms as far as Wm. Wilkins plantation..." If only it could be discovered who originally patented that land, it might reveal Mary's parentage. Another interesting question: why was this Richard Pace an executor of the estate of Hugh Kirkland, and why did Mary take the orphans? It may mean nothing, but it COULD mean that there was a closer relationship between Richard and Mary and Hugh Kirkland than we at present know of. For instance, Mary could have been a Kirkland. There is the court case brought by Thomas Kirkland (one of the orphans?) on 3 Aug 1692, against Nicholas Whitmore and his wife Mary as executrix of her deceased husband Richard Pace one of the executors of Hugh Kirkland. In your notes which you posted, it is suggested that this case had something to do with orphan Hannah Pitt. Well, I am speculating that perhaps Hannah's mother was born Hannah Kirkland and married a Pitt, and now the orphan's uncle Thomas is trying to get the estate of Richard Pace dec'd to pay money which Thomas thinks is owed to Hannah. Only speculation of course. And my final question: is it proved that the "relict of Richard Pace" who married Briscoe is the same person as Mary, widow of Richard Pace who subsequently married Nicholas Whitmore? The Briscoe marriage seems very unexpected, and unconnected with the people Richard and Mary Pace were otherwise involved with. You mention in your notes that William Briscoe left everything to Ann Holden (Holder). She seems to have been his daughter-in-law, according to a post on the HOLDER-DNA-L list (http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/HOLDER-DNA/2004-12/1103162204). And he was a blacksmith. What I'm thinking is that if there really were two unrelated Richard Paces, the Richard Pace relict who married William Briscoe could have been a different person from Mary Pace. Just some of my thoughts about the various unanswered questions. We may never know the answers but then again, who knows what may turn up in an unexpected place? James --- Becky Mosely <beckymosely@comcast.net> wrote: > > If you have a list or recommendation of what we need - > please send it to me. > __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

Refer to Bruce Howards book, he claims this Henry Pace was a sailor ( page 51-52) and not a perm. residence. There are several other Henry Paces. Indentures did not have a set period, the same as any contract it had a start time and finish time. Many times the indenture was written on a single piece of paper, torn in half and each party retained a half. At the end of the indenture the court would decied if the contract was fulfilled and the person could become a free man (woman). At this time they were free to own land. Many became overseers on large plantations or rented or share cropped. Many tricks were used to extend indenture periods. Once indentured persons dried up slavery became the work force. Before slavery many free blacks migrated to America. Jack Pace ==================================================================== Fri, 04 Aug 2006 23:28:33 +0000 roy.w.johnson@att.net writes: > I don't have the record at hand, but there was a Henry Pace recorded > somewhere or otrher as a headright. Some tried to tie him in to > John of Middlesex (seems they tried to tie nearly everyone into > John). But Bruce Howard said he was a come and go sailor who did not > settle here, but Bruce did not cite his evidence. > > Maybe it was a scam and he came as headright, got some pay from the > person who brought him, then went back. > > As you say, headrights could be all sorts of folks. > > And your discussion of the changes in early Virginia are > interesting, Becky, if the post of Pace Society Historian becomes > vacant, I would nominate you. You have a very extensive and > detailed knowledge of early Virginia history. > > And as for servants becoming landowners--I just recalled the history > of the first blacks in Jamestown. There was no permanent slavery in > English law at that time (only indentured servitude), and in absence > of a contract, the period of service of a servant had a statuatory > limit--I think it was either 14 or 17 years. So that first shipload > of blacks was relesed after their time. At least one of them became > a landowner and imported white indentured servants. I don't recall > the name. > > Roy Johnson > > -------------- Original message from "Becky Mosely" > <beckymosely@comcast.net>: -------------- > > > > EXAMPLE: An early arrival, THOMAS BRADFORD: ( No connection has > been made to my > > Richard but I am using this to show that just because someone was > shown as a > > headright, indentured servant that was not always the case.) > > > > 1635 > > > > Ultimo July, 1635. Theis underwritten names are to be transported > to > > Virginea, imbarqued in 'ye Merchant's Hope', Hugh Weston, Mr., per > examinacon by > > the Minister of Gravesend, touching their conformitie to the > Church discipline > > of England, and have taken the oaths of allegeance and supremacie. > THO. > > BRADFORD........Years 40 page 117, The Original Lists of Persons > of Quality, > > 1600-1700, by John Camden Hotten > > > > > > > > 1640 > > > > ROBERT HOLT, merchant, 700 acs. James Cittie Co., 23 July 1640, p. > > > 727. On E. side of Chichahominy Riv. at the head of Checroes Cr. > etc., E. from > > the bounds of land of Mr. John Felgate, crossing the Nly. br. of > sd. creek > > etc., N. upon land of Edward sanderson etc. 500 acs. by pattent > graunted to sd. > > Holt & Richard Bell, 2 Mar. 1638 which said Bell hath since > assigned his share > > unto sd. Holt, reserving his owne per adv. & trans. of 1 servt. > 200 acs. for > > trans. of 4 pers. The following names appear: ROBERT HOLT, JOHN > NEWHOWSE, > > WILLIAM ALLEN, STEPHEN BEANE, ANTHO. LUCO, SAMLL. LUCAS, ROBERT > PHILLIPSON, THO. > > KEYES, THO. BRADFORD, RALPH BLAKIN, RICHARD BURGIS, JAMES DAVIS, > JOHN BUDGE. > > pg. 123, Vol 1, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Nugent > > > > > > > > David T. Bradford states in 'THE BRADFORDS OF CHARLES CITY > COUNTY': > > > > "Thomas, a headright for James City merchant Robert Holt, died a > bachelor > > in James City in 1671. His will was filed in England in the > Prerogatory Court > > of Canterbury." > > > > > > > > IT IS HISTORICALLY ASSUMED THIS THOMAS WAS JUST ANOTHER > 'HEADRIGHT', indentured > > to HOLT. If all of this is the same THOMAS he was born in 1595 and > died at 76 > > years of age..... still owned property in England... no > descendants... bbm > > > > > > > > "MIGRATION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH ATLANTIC WORLD" by > Alison Games > > > > Harvard University Press, 1999 > > > > > > > > Page 34: George Grace reversed Gibbs's travel pattern. Like > several other > > travelers to the colonies, Grace was a merchant. Many merchants > were seasoned > > colonial traders, like John Redman, John Chappell, Nathaniel > Wright, Nathaniel > > Braddock and THOMAS BRADFORD. [61] ............... Before his > American voyage, > > Grace exported cloth to Holland and owned a house in Delft where > he kept his > > goods. > > > > note: 61. John Chappell and Nathaniel Wright had imported goods > from the > > colonies - Virginia tobacco and muscavado (unrefined) sugar - to > London in 1633. > > In 1635 Chappell boarded a ship for Virginia, whereas Wright > traveled to > > Barbados. Three other Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, > THOMAS BRADFORD, > > and John Butler, were tobacco merchants. Wright imported sugar, 25 > January > > 1632/3, whereas Chappell imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, E > 190/38/1, f. > > 12 recto, f. 59 recto, London Port Book 1632-1633, PRO. For John > Redman, see > > Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA 13/111 (no page > numbers); for > > John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso, lists his tobacco imports in > 1637, PRO; for > > THOMAS BRADFORD, see petition, c. 1644, of merchants, grocers, and > others > > dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. On the circumstances > that inspired > > and bedeviled these tobacco merchants, see John Pagan, "Growth of > the Tobacco > > Trade between London and Virginia, 1614-1640," Gu! > > ildhall Studies 3 (1979): 248-262 > > > > > > > > Page 197/8: Whereas colonial residents ventured east across the > ocean to > > procure goods and favors for their American homes, London > merchants reversed the > > process. They voyaged west to secure the annual flow of lucrative > colonial > > products. London merchants comprised anywhere between 5 and 10 > percent of the > > population of travelers from England to the colonies in the early > decades of > > settlement. These men, or their factors and representatives, > voyaged to cement > > commercial ties with colonial merchants and planters and to ensure > their own > > share of the colonial spoils. The new American colonies required > any product > > that a merchant chose to export, and in return, merchants imported > colonial > > crops such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo in the 1630s and > 1640s. > > Indeed, one did not even need to be a member of a merchant guild > to trade with > > the colonies because the North American trade was not restricted. > Thus, in > > Jacob Price's words, a 'huckster horde" traveled to the c! > > olonies with a motley assortment of goods to barter for colonial > crops. [26] > > > > London merchants aboard ships in 1635 traded in both tobacco and > sugar. > > John Chappell was an importer of Virginia tobacco and in 1635 > boarded a boat to > > travel there. Nathaniel Wright had imported sugar to London in > 1633: two years > > later, he boarded a ship to Barbados. [27] Later records reveal > three other > > Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, Thomas Bradford, and John > Butler, to have > > been tobacco merchants. [28] Possibly their voyages in 1635 > launched their > > careers. Thus we see in the case of these five men the importance > of personal > > trips to the colonies for those merchants engaged in marketing > colonial > > products. Other merchants traveled in that year, including Abraham > Johnson, > > George Grace, and Nathaniel Braddock, bound for Virginia. At least > one of these > > men, George Grace, found himself resident in Virginia for at least > three years > > after his entrepreneurial voyage in 1635, presumably still waiting > to recoup his > > fortunes.[29] > > > > NOTES: 26. Jacob Price, 'Perry of London' (Cambridge, Mass.: > Harvard > > University Press, 1992), p. vii. > > > > 27. Wright imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, f. 59 recto, E > > 190/38/1, London Port Book 1632-33, PRO. Wright, of course, was > not yet > > importing sugar from Barbados in 1635. > > > > 28. For John Redman, see Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May > 1637, HCA > > 13/111 (no page numbers); for John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso > lists his > > tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for Thomas Bradford, see petition, > c. 1644, of > > merchants, grocers, and others dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. > 9, BL. > > > > 29. Jacob Price has noted that these voyages back and forth formed > a > > family strategy for some mercantile firms and kin: unfortunately, > there is not > > enough evidence for these particular merchants, although clearly > some families > > benefited from far-flung trade and kin networks. Price, 'Perry of > London', p.1. > > > > > > > > Comment: It is clear from Ms. Games research that travel between > > England and the Colonies was not uncommon. bbm > > > > > > > > FURTHER from CAVALIERS & PIONEERS: > > > > A few facts to remember in reading Patents from Cavalier & > Pioneers Vol. 1, > > Nugent: Introduction: > > > > "The term headrights in connection with a patent for land has been > subject > > to no little misunderstanding. Elucidation is therefore in order. > > > > For the purpose of stimulating immigration and the settlement of > the Colony > > the London Company ordained that any person who paid his own way > to Virginia > > should be assigned 50 acres of land "for his owne personal > adventure," and if he > > transported "as his owne cost" one or more persons he should, for > each person > > whose passage he paid, be awarded fifty acres of land. There is, > for instance, > > the case of Sir Thomas Lunsford, Knight and Baronett, who on > October 24, 1650 > > was granted 3,423 acres for the transportation of sixty-five > persons including > > himself, members of his family, friends, and servants, many of > whom were > > doubtless indentured, or bound for a period of service. > > > > Among the headrights are found persons of all social classes, > nobility and > > gentry, yeomanry, indentured servants (some of good family and > connection in > > England), and negroes. > > > > It is not to be assumed that the claim for land in consequence of > a person > > transported was made immediately after the arrival of the > "headright" in the > > Colony. ......The head rights may have arrived in the Colony long > before the > > patentee had enter claim for land thereby due. Nor is it to be > assumed that the > > headright is necessarily an immigrant. Even men of prominence in > the Colony, > > through a voyage or repeated voyages to England and return, appear > as > > "headrights" of friends or relatives, who acquitted the cost of > the passage in > > order to obtain the consequent land. > > > > ........Before obtaining land for the transportation of > "headrights" the > > claimant was required to present a receipt in proff that the > passage money was > > duly paid. But despite all precautions fraud and deception were by > no means > > uncommon. > > > > > > > > > > > > Soooo.... from the above we don't even know what year someone may > have come.... > > is it their first voyage... were they born here... went back to > England for > > education, marriage, shopping, etc... are they merchants who > travel frequently > > back & to.... Who knows? Social status? > > > > Regards, Becky > > > > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > > Be sure to check the Pace Family Genealogy Forum at > http://genforum.com/pace/ > > and the Pace Network at > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace > > > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > You can search archived messages from the Pace Mailing List by going > to http://searches.rootsweb.com. If you need instructions just ask > me - gordonpace@comcast.net > > WE are FREE because of the BRAVE.

22 Oct 1682. 338 acres 37 poles. In Westover Parish. On the west side of the Blackwater Main Swamp. Could Peas be Pace? --------------------------------- All new Yahoo! Mail "The new Interface is stunning in its simplicity and ease of use." - PC Magazine

I have recently wrote a paper that disproves that William Pace's wife Susannah was the daughter of John West of Cellars Creek (died 03, Aug.1742) as published in Pace Society Bulletins I p. 34. and have proven that Susannah was a West and the daughter of John West of Northumberland County Va. (died 1759). The paper is too lengthy to post so an E-Mail request to <paceshire@juno.com> will get you an attached copy of the paper. This William is the son of John Pace who was the son of John Pace of Middlesex Co. Va. Their children were Millie, Capt. John, Newsome, William Jr., Susanna. Joel, Spencer, Letitia, and Langston. Request "Getting it right" Jack Pace / Wms.burg. Va. WE are FREE, because of the BRAVE.

Anyone doing land records may wonder what the strange measurements are: 1 pole = 16.5 ft 4 poles=1 chain 1 chain=66 ft 10 sq. chains= 1 acre 80 chains= 1 mile 10 chains= 1 furlong 1 furlong=660 ft How did a furlong come to existence? It was supposedly the distance a horse could pull a plow before needing a rest. Letters of the alphabet can be misread in many documents; thereby giving us some strange names we have never heard of. I have found several records of my ancestors which were transcribed incorrectly making them difficult to locate. One such example is Samuel being mistakenly transcribed as Lemuel. And of course we all know the name of Pace has taken many different missreadings/spellings. John Pace

There's another reference about 5 years later for one George PACE referencing the Blackwater...from the Library of Virginia online index cards for Land Office Patents and Grants--there should be a linked image as well: Pace, George 20 Apr 1687 Charles City County 600 a. on the south side of James River, nigh the Blackwater; adjoining the land of John Williams Patents 7, 1679-89, p. 554 (I have placed him as a child of Richard "II" m. Mary, but will be the first to admit my ged is full of notes about apparent discrepancies and conflicting information regarding these colonial Paces and their wives, and will leave it to better minds to figure who belongs to whom. Am just sharing factoid :-) - Joyce -----Original Message----- From: gnlgy458 [mailto:gnlgy458@yahoo.co.uk] Sent: Saturday, August 05, 2006 4:59 AM To: PACE-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [PACE-L] George Peas and Nicholas Whitmore land grant 22 Oct 1682. 338 acres 37 poles. In Westover Parish. On the west side of the Blackwater Main Swamp. Could Peas be Pace?

I don't have the record at hand, but there was a Henry Pace recorded somewhere or otrher as a headright. Some tried to tie him in to John of Middlesex (seems they tried to tie nearly everyone into John). But Bruce Howard said he was a come and go sailor who did not settle here, but Bruce did not cite his evidence. Maybe it was a scam and he came as headright, got some pay from the person who brought him, then went back. As you say, headrights could be all sorts of folks. And your discussion of the changes in early Virginia are interesting, Becky, if the post of Pace Society Historian becomes vacant, I would nominate you. You have a very extensive and detailed knowledge of early Virginia history. And as for servants becoming landowners--I just recalled the history of the first blacks in Jamestown. There was no permanent slavery in English law at that time (only indentured servitude), and in absence of a contract, the period of service of a servant had a statuatory limit--I think it was either 14 or 17 years. So that first shipload of blacks was relesed after their time. At least one of them became a landowner and imported white indentured servants. I don't recall the name. Roy Johnson -------------- Original message from "Becky Mosely" <beckymosely@comcast.net>: -------------- > EXAMPLE: An early arrival, THOMAS BRADFORD: ( No connection has been made to my > Richard but I am using this to show that just because someone was shown as a > headright, indentured servant that was not always the case.) > > 1635 > > Ultimo July, 1635. Theis underwritten names are to be transported to > Virginea, imbarqued in 'ye Merchant's Hope', Hugh Weston, Mr., per examinacon by > the Minister of Gravesend, touching their conformitie to the Church discipline > of England, and have taken the oaths of allegeance and supremacie. THO. > BRADFORD........Years 40 page 117, The Original Lists of Persons of Quality, > 1600-1700, by John Camden Hotten > > > > 1640 > > ROBERT HOLT, merchant, 700 acs. James Cittie Co., 23 July 1640, p. > 727. On E. side of Chichahominy Riv. at the head of Checroes Cr. etc., E. from > the bounds of land of Mr. John Felgate, crossing the Nly. br. of sd. creek > etc., N. upon land of Edward sanderson etc. 500 acs. by pattent graunted to sd. > Holt & Richard Bell, 2 Mar. 1638 which said Bell hath since assigned his share > unto sd. Holt, reserving his owne per adv. & trans. of 1 servt. 200 acs. for > trans. of 4 pers. The following names appear: ROBERT HOLT, JOHN NEWHOWSE, > WILLIAM ALLEN, STEPHEN BEANE, ANTHO. LUCO, SAMLL. LUCAS, ROBERT PHILLIPSON, THO. > KEYES, THO. BRADFORD, RALPH BLAKIN, RICHARD BURGIS, JAMES DAVIS, JOHN BUDGE. > pg. 123, Vol 1, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Nugent > > > > David T. Bradford states in 'THE BRADFORDS OF CHARLES CITY COUNTY': > > "Thomas, a headright for James City merchant Robert Holt, died a bachelor > in James City in 1671. His will was filed in England in the Prerogatory Court > of Canterbury." > > > > IT IS HISTORICALLY ASSUMED THIS THOMAS WAS JUST ANOTHER 'HEADRIGHT', indentured > to HOLT. If all of this is the same THOMAS he was born in 1595 and died at 76 > years of age..... still owned property in England... no descendants... bbm > > > > "MIGRATION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH ATLANTIC WORLD" by Alison Games > > Harvard University Press, 1999 > > > > Page 34: George Grace reversed Gibbs's travel pattern. Like several other > travelers to the colonies, Grace was a merchant. Many merchants were seasoned > colonial traders, like John Redman, John Chappell, Nathaniel Wright, Nathaniel > Braddock and THOMAS BRADFORD. [61] ............... Before his American voyage, > Grace exported cloth to Holland and owned a house in Delft where he kept his > goods. > > note: 61. John Chappell and Nathaniel Wright had imported goods from the > colonies - Virginia tobacco and muscavado (unrefined) sugar - to London in 1633. > In 1635 Chappell boarded a ship for Virginia, whereas Wright traveled to > Barbados. Three other Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, THOMAS BRADFORD, > and John Butler, were tobacco merchants. Wright imported sugar, 25 January > 1632/3, whereas Chappell imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, E 190/38/1, f. > 12 recto, f. 59 recto, London Port Book 1632-1633, PRO. For John Redman, see > Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA 13/111 (no page numbers); for > John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso, lists his tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for > THOMAS BRADFORD, see petition, c. 1644, of merchants, grocers, and others > dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. On the circumstances that inspired > and bedeviled these tobacco merchants, see John Pagan, "Growth of the Tobacco > Trade between London and Virginia, 1614-1640," Gu! > ildhall Studies 3 (1979): 248-262 > > > > Page 197/8: Whereas colonial residents ventured east across the ocean to > procure goods and favors for their American homes, London merchants reversed the > process. They voyaged west to secure the annual flow of lucrative colonial > products. London merchants comprised anywhere between 5 and 10 percent of the > population of travelers from England to the colonies in the early decades of > settlement. These men, or their factors and representatives, voyaged to cement > commercial ties with colonial merchants and planters and to ensure their own > share of the colonial spoils. The new American colonies required any product > that a merchant chose to export, and in return, merchants imported colonial > crops such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo in the 1630s and 1640s. > Indeed, one did not even need to be a member of a merchant guild to trade with > the colonies because the North American trade was not restricted. Thus, in > Jacob Price's words, a 'huckster horde" traveled to the c! > olonies with a motley assortment of goods to barter for colonial crops. [26] > > London merchants aboard ships in 1635 traded in both tobacco and sugar. > John Chappell was an importer of Virginia tobacco and in 1635 boarded a boat to > travel there. Nathaniel Wright had imported sugar to London in 1633: two years > later, he boarded a ship to Barbados. [27] Later records reveal three other > Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, Thomas Bradford, and John Butler, to have > been tobacco merchants. [28] Possibly their voyages in 1635 launched their > careers. Thus we see in the case of these five men the importance of personal > trips to the colonies for those merchants engaged in marketing colonial > products. Other merchants traveled in that year, including Abraham Johnson, > George Grace, and Nathaniel Braddock, bound for Virginia. At least one of these > men, George Grace, found himself resident in Virginia for at least three years > after his entrepreneurial voyage in 1635, presumably still waiting to recoup his > fortunes.[29] > > NOTES: 26. Jacob Price, 'Perry of London' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard > University Press, 1992), p. vii. > > 27. Wright imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, f. 59 recto, E > 190/38/1, London Port Book 1632-33, PRO. Wright, of course, was not yet > importing sugar from Barbados in 1635. > > 28. For John Redman, see Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA > 13/111 (no page numbers); for John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso lists his > tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for Thomas Bradford, see petition, c. 1644, of > merchants, grocers, and others dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. > > 29. Jacob Price has noted that these voyages back and forth formed a > family strategy for some mercantile firms and kin: unfortunately, there is not > enough evidence for these particular merchants, although clearly some families > benefited from far-flung trade and kin networks. Price, 'Perry of London', p.1. > > > > Comment: It is clear from Ms. Games research that travel between > England and the Colonies was not uncommon. bbm > > > > FURTHER from CAVALIERS & PIONEERS: > > A few facts to remember in reading Patents from Cavalier & Pioneers Vol. 1, > Nugent: Introduction: > > "The term headrights in connection with a patent for land has been subject > to no little misunderstanding. Elucidation is therefore in order. > > For the purpose of stimulating immigration and the settlement of the Colony > the London Company ordained that any person who paid his own way to Virginia > should be assigned 50 acres of land "for his owne personal adventure," and if he > transported "as his owne cost" one or more persons he should, for each person > whose passage he paid, be awarded fifty acres of land. There is, for instance, > the case of Sir Thomas Lunsford, Knight and Baronett, who on October 24, 1650 > was granted 3,423 acres for the transportation of sixty-five persons including > himself, members of his family, friends, and servants, many of whom were > doubtless indentured, or bound for a period of service. > > Among the headrights are found persons of all social classes, nobility and > gentry, yeomanry, indentured servants (some of good family and connection in > England), and negroes. > > It is not to be assumed that the claim for land in consequence of a person > transported was made immediately after the arrival of the "headright" in the > Colony. ......The head rights may have arrived in the Colony long before the > patentee had enter claim for land thereby due. Nor is it to be assumed that the > headright is necessarily an immigrant. Even men of prominence in the Colony, > through a voyage or repeated voyages to England and return, appear as > "headrights" of friends or relatives, who acquitted the cost of the passage in > order to obtain the consequent land. > > ........Before obtaining land for the transportation of "headrights" the > claimant was required to present a receipt in proff that the passage money was > duly paid. But despite all precautions fraud and deception were by no means > uncommon. > > > > > > Soooo.... from the above we don't even know what year someone may have come.... > is it their first voyage... were they born here... went back to England for > education, marriage, shopping, etc... are they merchants who travel frequently > back & to.... Who knows? Social status? > > Regards, Becky > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > Be sure to check the Pace Family Genealogy Forum at http://genforum.com/pace/ > and the Pace Network at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace >

FYI from another List. Not surprisingly, there are many Pace names yielded through searching, including "Allice Pace, Widow of Saint Dunstan in the West London," who made her will 24 May 1653. - Joyce Harris -----Original Message----- From: Skye [mailto:skylark246@earthlink.net] Sent: Friday, August 04, 2006 6:15 PM To: VAHENRY-L@rootsweb.com Subject: [VAHENRY-L] Domesday Book The Domesday Book is now on line at the URL shown below. You can search either by ancestor name or place of residence. Patsy Poppell http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/

> I assume that if the person was still living the order > would be against them, not against their estate. However, > I'm not an expert. Perhaps someone else can say for sure. You are probably right. At least it opens the possibility of more than one Richrd Pace who owned land, but I would require more evidence to say for sure. It would seem that there would be Roy -------------- Original message from James Blair <jnb05042000@yahoo.com>: -------------- > --- roy.w.johnson@att.net wrote: > > > > > I don't know enough legalese to know whether there can be > > a judgment against the estate of a living person, > > I assume that if the person was still living the order > would be against them, not against their estate. However, > I'm not an expert. Perhaps someone else can say for sure. > > Another possibility is that there might be an error in the > date of the record which says that Col. Thomas Swann was > granted an attachment agst the estate of Richard Pace in > 1675. I have only seen a transcription. It is from Surry > County Court Book 3 page 98, if anyone is able to check. > > > > > My records say that Richard died before November 1777. I > > do not have the source but have seen it. Is there any > > chance he died earlier and it got dragged out in court so > > that Mary did not get appointed dministration of the > > estate for a couple of years? I have not examined the > > records to know if there were records of Richard being > > alive in 1675. > > A living Richard Pace does appear in records in both Surry > County and Charles City Co. during 1677. > > So if Col. Thomas Swann was granted an attachment against > the estate of a dead Richard Pace in Surrey Co. in 1675, > and a live Richard Pace was serving on juries in Prince > Charles Co. in 1677, then we seem to have two men of > property named Richard Pace. > > But, as I say, there could be a mistake in the > transcription. > > James > > > __________________________________________________ > Do You Yahoo!? > Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around > http://mail.yahoo.com > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > If you haven't done so within the last six months, please post a message > describing your Earliest Pace Ancestor and how you descend from them. Please > include dates, places, spouses, etc, if possible. Send the message to > PACE-L@rootsweb.com >

Let's all hope the Pace Society is never without a historian.... The only reason I've delved so deeply into this is that I'm a triple Bradford descendant (through two of Rebecca Pace's grandchildren) and a double Whitaker descendant who were also in the Jamestowne area very early. Sort of leaves me with only a few paternal lines to look at. (and a triple Crowell descendant - family that married into the other two lines) Although I've spend a great deal of time trying to sort out the Bradford/Whitaker lines with original documents, I 'assumed' the Pace folks had that line covered. Long story short, I'll make an effort to collect them and pass along concerning Richard, George, Richard, Richard. Nobody seems to be stepping forward if they do have these copies and once again confusion reigns in my small world of family trees.... If you have a list or recommendation of what we need - please send it to me. Regards, Becky

I would be intrested in the Williamsburg Paces you refer to under just one question!! Also I have the Middlesex Johnson/Pace line up as follows. Wm Johnson ( who are parents?) married to Margaret Pace (John) 22, Sep.1721. He died 10,Mar. 1745 (Correct?) I have her born 05, Mar. 1702 CCPR. (correct?) she died 07, Nov. 1760, will of Wm. Johnson 05, Mar. 1744/5 (correct?) Her father, John of Midd, her Mother, Elizabeth unknown. (Correct?) Children: William 08, Oct 1722 Midd-correct?) Elizabeth 28, May 1726, died 23, Apr. 1744. Midd correct?) Henry 02, Mar. 1728 Midd Correct?) Daniel 11, Jan. 1729 Midd Correct?) Benjamin 03, May 1739 married Susannah Pace 22, July 1759 died 16, May 1785 where married and where died?) Stephen 01, Feb. 1740/1 Midd Correct?) Samuel 19, Feb. 1742/3 Midd Correct?) Avirilah (avirdah) where born, married,died?) she married Benjamin Williams Will of Wm. Johnson. do you have a family group sheet on eash of the above. Do you have a copy of Wm. Johnson , I believe it was hand written. Were there more children listed in the Douglas Register, Goochland County Va. Did Margaret die in Goochland? Buried? Thanks in advance, Jack Pace <paceshire@juno.com> ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 04:29:20 EDT Atpowelljr@aol.com writes: > > COUSINS; The more that I see abt D. N. A. THE more IF'S AND'S > Might be's > Maybeso's. D. N. A. no doubt serves a purpose, BUT WHY so many. > IF'S??? Nearly > as Many as Folklore. > > JUST one Question?? MY Ascendency; I see some saying that the > Middlesex > Johnson's & Pace's Are not connected to the Wiliamsburg Paces The > next one says > that there is a Connection??? One of My 5th Grt Grand Fathers Had > one of > those LARGE Families, TWO of his Sons Are My 4th Grt Grand > Father's, NOW I notice more often than not, a researcher will refer > to MY > LINE?? & just take one Child from a FAMILY, I believe that is one of > the BIg > Brick walls. SO you take John Pace Good, > But you run into that Famous BRICK WALL ABT three Generations in > to your > Research, Because, Johns Brother's Grand SON Married THE Johnson > Girl & their > Son married John Paces Daughter. Supprise, the researcher that did > not think > it Nessary to Keep a record of but HIS/HER, LINE of just John. > > It is Just as important to know your 5 & 4th Grt Grand Parents > Siblings as > to Know those Grt Grand Parents, THINK NOT?? > WELL IT IS A fact , Cousins that I am my own 6th Cousin, Proven > without any > doubt. > > EASY: two Harvey Sister's one M a Campbell The other Married a > Mitchell, > whose Dau. Married <2nd Grt Grand Pa George Rodney Johnson. > > George's Dau, M. a Wilmer/Wilmore Their Dau M. a Campbell WHO was > the Son > of The Harvey Girl's, Grand Son, that had Married a Campbell & the > other > Harvey girl who had Married the Mitchell > Youngest Daughter > > CONFUSING, to me, no because the Family record KEEPERS > Remembered ALL of the Family Members, Instead of just My line, OF > ONE > Sibling. > > CUZ A T & Leona <atpowelljr@aol.;com> > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > You can search archived messages from the Pace Mailing List by going > to http://searches.rootsweb.com. If you need instructions just ask > me - gordonpace@comcast.net > > WE are FREE because of the BRAVE.

.) > > At any rate, disregarding the Richard Pace who appears > on Thomase Browne's list of tithables, there seem to > have been at least two planters named Richard Pace. > > There is the Surry County record of 7 September 1675, > in which Col. Thomas Swann is granted an attachment > against the estate of Richard Pace for 400 lbs of > tobacco. > > And there is the Charles City County record of 14 Feb > 1677/8, in which Mary Pace is granted administration > of the estate of her deceased husband. > > These two are not the same person. I don't know enough legalese to know whether there can be a judgment against the estate of a living person, but I do know that George Pace was a huge landowner on both sides of the river and his Surry property would most certainly have passed to his son Richard. My records say that Richard died before November 1777. I do not have the source but have seen it. Is there any chance he died earlier and it got dragged out in court so that Mary did not get appointed dministration of the estate for a couple of years? I have not examined the records to know if there were records of Richard being alive in 1675. My gut feeling is that somehow they are the same given the land holdings in Surry that Richard almost certainly had. Roy Johnson > > James > > > --- roy.w.johnson@att.net wrote: > > > I've been doing some thinking and trying to apply > > some logic to the connection between Jamestown Paces > > and those of NC. > > > > Landowners in early Virginia usually left more > > abundant records tue to their land transactions and > > court appearances. It was the servant class that > > slipped in under the radar. So it seems to me the > > only landowning Paces--at least large > > landowners--were the Richard line, or at least we > > haven't found evidence of any others. > > __________________________________________________ > Do You Yahoo!? > Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around > http://mail.yahoo.com > > > ==== PACE Mailing List ==== > Be sure to check the Pace Family Genealogy Forum at http://genforum.com/pace/ > and the Pace Network at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pace >

EXAMPLE: An early arrival, THOMAS BRADFORD: ( No connection has been made to my Richard but I am using this to show that just because someone was shown as a headright, indentured servant that was not always the case.) 1635 Ultimo July, 1635. Theis underwritten names are to be transported to Virginea, imbarqued in 'ye Merchant's Hope', Hugh Weston, Mr., per examinacon by the Minister of Gravesend, touching their conformitie to the Church discipline of England, and have taken the oaths of allegeance and supremacie. THO. BRADFORD........Years 40 page 117, The Original Lists of Persons of Quality, 1600-1700, by John Camden Hotten 1640 ROBERT HOLT, merchant, 700 acs. James Cittie Co., 23 July 1640, p. 727. On E. side of Chichahominy Riv. at the head of Checroes Cr. etc., E. from the bounds of land of Mr. John Felgate, crossing the Nly. br. of sd. creek etc., N. upon land of Edward sanderson etc. 500 acs. by pattent graunted to sd. Holt & Richard Bell, 2 Mar. 1638 which said Bell hath since assigned his share unto sd. Holt, reserving his owne per adv. & trans. of 1 servt. 200 acs. for trans. of 4 pers. The following names appear: ROBERT HOLT, JOHN NEWHOWSE, WILLIAM ALLEN, STEPHEN BEANE, ANTHO. LUCO, SAMLL. LUCAS, ROBERT PHILLIPSON, THO. KEYES, THO. BRADFORD, RALPH BLAKIN, RICHARD BURGIS, JAMES DAVIS, JOHN BUDGE. pg. 123, Vol 1, Cavaliers and Pioneers, Nugent David T. Bradford states in 'THE BRADFORDS OF CHARLES CITY COUNTY': "Thomas, a headright for James City merchant Robert Holt, died a bachelor in James City in 1671. His will was filed in England in the Prerogatory Court of Canterbury." IT IS HISTORICALLY ASSUMED THIS THOMAS WAS JUST ANOTHER 'HEADRIGHT', indentured to HOLT. If all of this is the same THOMAS he was born in 1595 and died at 76 years of age..... still owned property in England... no descendants... bbm "MIGRATION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH ATLANTIC WORLD" by Alison Games Harvard University Press, 1999 Page 34: George Grace reversed Gibbs's travel pattern. Like several other travelers to the colonies, Grace was a merchant. Many merchants were seasoned colonial traders, like John Redman, John Chappell, Nathaniel Wright, Nathaniel Braddock and THOMAS BRADFORD. [61] ............... Before his American voyage, Grace exported cloth to Holland and owned a house in Delft where he kept his goods. note: 61. John Chappell and Nathaniel Wright had imported goods from the colonies - Virginia tobacco and muscavado (unrefined) sugar - to London in 1633. In 1635 Chappell boarded a ship for Virginia, whereas Wright traveled to Barbados. Three other Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, THOMAS BRADFORD, and John Butler, were tobacco merchants. Wright imported sugar, 25 January 1632/3, whereas Chappell imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, E 190/38/1, f. 12 recto, f. 59 recto, London Port Book 1632-1633, PRO. For John Redman, see Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA 13/111 (no page numbers); for John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso, lists his tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for THOMAS BRADFORD, see petition, c. 1644, of merchants, grocers, and others dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. On the circumstances that inspired and bedeviled these tobacco merchants, see John Pagan, "Growth of the Tobacco Trade between London and Virginia, 1614-1640," Gu! ildhall Studies 3 (1979): 248-262 Page 197/8: Whereas colonial residents ventured east across the ocean to procure goods and favors for their American homes, London merchants reversed the process. They voyaged west to secure the annual flow of lucrative colonial products. London merchants comprised anywhere between 5 and 10 percent of the population of travelers from England to the colonies in the early decades of settlement. These men, or their factors and representatives, voyaged to cement commercial ties with colonial merchants and planters and to ensure their own share of the colonial spoils. The new American colonies required any product that a merchant chose to export, and in return, merchants imported colonial crops such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo in the 1630s and 1640s. Indeed, one did not even need to be a member of a merchant guild to trade with the colonies because the North American trade was not restricted. Thus, in Jacob Price's words, a 'huckster horde" traveled to the c! olonies with a motley assortment of goods to barter for colonial crops. [26] London merchants aboard ships in 1635 traded in both tobacco and sugar. John Chappell was an importer of Virginia tobacco and in 1635 boarded a boat to travel there. Nathaniel Wright had imported sugar to London in 1633: two years later, he boarded a ship to Barbados. [27] Later records reveal three other Virginia-bound travelers, John Redman, Thomas Bradford, and John Butler, to have been tobacco merchants. [28] Possibly their voyages in 1635 launched their careers. Thus we see in the case of these five men the importance of personal trips to the colonies for those merchants engaged in marketing colonial products. Other merchants traveled in that year, including Abraham Johnson, George Grace, and Nathaniel Braddock, bound for Virginia. At least one of these men, George Grace, found himself resident in Virginia for at least three years after his entrepreneurial voyage in 1635, presumably still waiting to recoup his fortunes.[29] NOTES: 26. Jacob Price, 'Perry of London' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992), p. vii. 27. Wright imported Virginia tobacco, 17 May 1633, f. 59 recto, E 190/38/1, London Port Book 1632-33, PRO. Wright, of course, was not yet importing sugar from Barbados in 1635. 28. For John Redman, see Thomas Gower v. William Anthony, 9 May 1637, HCA 13/111 (no page numbers); for John Butler, E 190/41/5, f. 48verso lists his tobacco imports in 1637, PRO; for Thomas Bradford, see petition, c. 1644, of merchants, grocers, and others dealing in tobacco, Harley 1238, f. 9, BL. 29. Jacob Price has noted that these voyages back and forth formed a family strategy for some mercantile firms and kin: unfortunately, there is not enough evidence for these particular merchants, although clearly some families benefited from far-flung trade and kin networks. Price, 'Perry of London', p.1. Comment: It is clear from Ms. Games research that travel between England and the Colonies was not uncommon. bbm FURTHER from CAVALIERS & PIONEERS: A few facts to remember in reading Patents from Cavalier & Pioneers Vol. 1, Nugent: Introduction: "The term headrights in connection with a patent for land has been subject to no little misunderstanding. Elucidation is therefore in order. For the purpose of stimulating immigration and the settlement of the Colony the London Company ordained that any person who paid his own way to Virginia should be assigned 50 acres of land "for his owne personal adventure," and if he transported "as his owne cost" one or more persons he should, for each person whose passage he paid, be awarded fifty acres of land. There is, for instance, the case of Sir Thomas Lunsford, Knight and Baronett, who on October 24, 1650 was granted 3,423 acres for the transportation of sixty-five persons including himself, members of his family, friends, and servants, many of whom were doubtless indentured, or bound for a period of service. Among the headrights are found persons of all social classes, nobility and gentry, yeomanry, indentured servants (some of good family and connection in England), and negroes. It is not to be assumed that the claim for land in consequence of a person transported was made immediately after the arrival of the "headright" in the Colony. ......The head rights may have arrived in the Colony long before the patentee had enter claim for land thereby due. Nor is it to be assumed that the headright is necessarily an immigrant. Even men of prominence in the Colony, through a voyage or repeated voyages to England and return, appear as "headrights" of friends or relatives, who acquitted the cost of the passage in order to obtain the consequent land. ........Before obtaining land for the transportation of "headrights" the claimant was required to present a receipt in proff that the passage money was duly paid. But despite all precautions fraud and deception were by no means uncommon. Soooo.... from the above we don't even know what year someone may have come.... is it their first voyage... were they born here... went back to England for education, marriage, shopping, etc... are they merchants who travel frequently back & to.... Who knows? Social status? Regards, Becky