Hi all, The PA Biographies Project continues to grow. We now have over 18,900 biographies transcribed and on-line. Stop by when you get a chance and check them out. The website is at http://www.pa-roots.com/index.php/pabios We are in need of some volunteers for a short-term project. We were gift a large number of biographies that have already been transcribed,they just need to be posted to the appropriate county DataBoard. If you can cut and paste then you can help! If you'd like to help, please contact me privately. Thanks! Nathan Zipfel US Biographies Project http://www.usbiographies.org

KINDLY REMOVE MY MAILING ADDRESS FROM YOUR LIST. I will no longer be accepting mail at this address starting as of NOW - 05/06/09 This mailing address is no longer in use. Thank you very much

nothing came through try again ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jerilyn Koskan" <jlktrees@aol.com> To: <PA-BIO-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, March 02, 2009 8:32 PM Subject: [PA-BIO] Jerilyn sent you a private message on Tagged - pleaserespond > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > PA-BIO-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes > in the subject and the body of the message >

Hi List, Please take a moment and have a look at the picture of this WW2 Sailor - do you know who he is? http://gallerychristine.photoblog.co.uk He 'may' have served on the USS CHICAGO or the USS HELENA. He may have been a friend of Mack GALLIMORE from Denton, NC, who served on both these ships, up to when the ships were sunk. I would like to send the original picture to his surviving family. Any information/ideas/assistance would be most welcomed! Regards, Christine

To any WARNER"S etc. Are there any WARNER's out there that may have come across the following family in their research that might help regarding concrete evidence of a William Warner's birth parents. John Warner b. about 1768 ( USA or Germany) died March 29, 1827 in Northampton County, Pennsylvania He was married to a CATHERINE abt. 1790. She was born abt 1770 in the USA and died March 29, 1848. According to research, John Warner had lived in Mt. Bethel, Northampton Co. from 1801 to about 1819. Before the time in Mt Bethel one son Jacob was born in 1791 During the time in Mt Bethel the following children were born - Thomas, b. 1807 Elizabeth, b. 1809 William, b. 1813 - - This son is a "MAYBE". Reason- during all further research things point to William as a possible son, and things verbally mentioned among descendents of the John and Catherine mention, William a son of John and Catherine Warner. Also his occupation as a "Miller" along with other Warner's who were Miller's. William showed up in the census list in 1834 in Forks Township, Northampton Co., PA BUT - there are no records as to Birth or Baptism. There is a record of his marriage to a Margaretha Arner in April 7, 1833 in Easton, PA. Knowing the facts of the research, this in no way dispute's it. This is just a way to try and get "positive fact" as to his parents and siblings. Thank's to anyone that might make a reply. Larry W. warnerlarry@juno.com ============================== New! Family Tree Maker 2005. Build your tree and search for your ancestors at the same time. Share your tree with family and friends. Learn more: http://landing.ancestry.com/familytreemaker/2005/tour.aspx?sourceid=14599 &targetid=5429

Hi all, many of you utilize the county website and other resources at PA-Roots. We've recently started a Newsletter, if you'd like to subscribe to it send an e-mail to pa-rootsfriends-subscribe@yahoogroups.com or visit http://www.pa-roots.com/friends/index.html and subscribe from the link there. The Newsletter will be published about once a month, there is no charge to be a subscriber. The Newsletter highlights some of the new features or new data that is hosted at PA-Roots. You can read our first issue by visiting http://www.pa-roots.com/friends/index.html Nathan Zipfel PA-Roots.com http://www.pa-roots.com/

Very nice project. Thanks to everyone involved in this. Ray ----- Original Message ----- From: "Nathan Zipfel" <nzipfel@gmail.com> To: <PA-BIO-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, February 01, 2006 10:41 PM Subject: [PA-BIO] Any folks interested in transcribing biographies > Hi all, > > Our list has been quiet for a long time. There is now 10,643 Biographies > for Pennsylvania on-line at > http://www.pa-roots.com/pabios/index.html I hope you'll stop by and check > them out. > > Is anyone interested in helping to transcribe biographies from some of the > published histories of the various counties in Pennsylvania? If you are > interested in transcribing (scanning, OCR, Proofreading) please send an > e-mail to: > > pabiographies@gmail.com (Please do not post your interest in > transcribing to the list - only send it to this e-mail address). > > Please indicate what county or counties you might be interested in working > on. I'll have to check to see if I have anything for your particular county > to work on. > > Again, if you're interested, please send your e-mail to > pabiographies@gmail.com > > Nathan > > > ==== PA-BIO Mailing List ==== > Please remember this is a mailing list for the discussion of PA Biographies ONLY. > No Queries please! > PA Biographies Project > <http://www.pa-roots.com/pabios/index.html> > >

Hi all, Our list has been quiet for a long time. There is now 10,643 Biographies for Pennsylvania on-line at http://www.pa-roots.com/pabios/index.html I hope you'll stop by and check them out. Is anyone interested in helping to transcribe biographies from some of the published histories of the various counties in Pennsylvania? If you are interested in transcribing (scanning, OCR, Proofreading) please send an e-mail to: pabiographies@gmail.com (Please do not post your interest in transcribing to the list - only send it to this e-mail address). Please indicate what county or counties you might be interested in working on. I'll have to check to see if I have anything for your particular county to work on. Again, if you're interested, please send your e-mail to pabiographies@gmail.com Nathan

I'm looking for a JOHN BYNG who is supposed to have lived in PA in 1773. Can some one check him out for me? thank you, Caroline Byng

Brown, R. R. (19 Oct. 1885-20 Feb. 1964), pastor and radio evangelist, was born Robert Roger Brown in Dagus Falls, Pennsylvania, the son of Scottish immigrants William Murray Brown, a miner, and Mary Elizabeth Rogers. One of fourteen children, he was raised as a Presbyterian but had little interest in religion until he was converted at the age of eighteen during a revival in a Presbyterian church. At a subsequent meeting at a local nondenominational church, Brown encountered a representative of A. B. Simpson's Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA), an association of ministers and churches founded in 1881 to promote greater missionary activity both in the United States and abroad. Impressed by the movement's organization, dedication to missions, and nonpartisan tone, he decided to train for the ministry in the CMA. In 1906 he entered Alliance College at Nyack, New York, earning a B.A. in 1910. After serving as an interim pastor for a Baptist church on Long Island, Brown was ordained on 19 August 1911. He then accepted the pastorate of an Alliance church in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, and during his nine years there became friends with leading CMA figures, such as Simpson, E. D. Whiteside, and Paul Rader. Soon after his arrival at the church, Brown met and, in 1912, married a member of his congregation, Mary Edith Swihart; the couple had three children. In 1920, at the invitation of new Alliance president Paul Rader, Brown moved to Chicago and became the district superintendent for seven midwestern states. After establishing a new CMA congregation in Chicago, he went on the road, conducting a series of revivals in his new territory. In July 1922 Brown went to Omaha, where he erected a temporary tabernacle for what he thought would be a short evangelistic campaign. The meetings were so successful, however, that he decided to make the tabernacle a permanent congregation, the Gospel Tabernacle, and relocated his base of operations to Omaha. In April 1923 Brown was asked by officials at local radio station WOAW (later WOW) to conduct a service for the station's first Sunday on the air. He was asked to return the following week but agreed only at the urging of a local Congregational pastor, who said he had been praying that God would "get an advantage" over the air. Though hesitant in the beginning, Brown continued to broadcast his "World Radio Chapel" program over WOAW/WOW for the next forty-one years, becoming a fundamentalist broadcasting fixture in the Plains states with one of the longest-running religious broadcasts of its time. Especially in the early years, Brown had a tendency to attack the microphone--literally shouting out his sermons--but he always acted as if he were addressing the individual. The effectiveness of his style is evident in a letter sent by one repentant listener who wrote that he was lying on his couch smoking a pipe when he heard Brown say, "You mossback, ungrateful creature of God! If you would think of what God's done for you, you'd take that pipe out of your mouth and get down on your knees and give thanks to God," whereupon, convinced that Brown could see him, he claimed to have jumped up. Brown's broadcast differed in three major ways from those of most fundamentalist radio preachers of that period. First, aside from an occasional foray into dispensational prophetic speculation, he rarely strayed from an individualist, evangelistic appeal and thereby avoided the stigma of intolerance that marked some fundamentalist preachers, such as the controversial "Fighting Bob" Shuller of Los Angeles. Largely for this reason, his radio ministry made Brown something of a civic institution; as a result, his broadcasts, unlike most others of his ilk, received free air time, and thus he did not need to solicit funds to sustain the ministry. The third distinguishing feature was Brown's strategy of dubbing his program the "World Radio Congregation" and issuing official certificates of membership to interested listeners. At the peak of his popularity in the mid-1930s, Brown's World Radio Congregation boasted as many as 200,000 "members" in the Plains and Midwest. Despite the success of this concept, however, Brown did not see it as a new ecclesiastical vision but rather as a publicity strategy, which he used only in the 1920s and 1930s, dropping it once the novelty had outlived its usefulness. Brown's broadcast ministry afforded him great visibility, and in his later years he was a prominent figure at Alliance conventions, where he developed the "Preacher's Chorus" and orchestrated the missionary rally that closed each meeting. He was made a member of the CMA Board of Managers in 1925 and held the position until 1960. In 1933 he founded the Bible and Missionary Conference Center at Okoboji Lakes, Iowa, an important ecumenical gathering spot for midwestern fundamentalists as well as an Alliance campground. He also made several well-publicized world missionary tours, and his Omaha congregation was directly responsible for raising more than $1 million for Alliance missions. After several months of failing health, Brown died in Omaha. His congregation continued the radio broadcast--renamed "The Radio Chapel Service"--over a small network of about a dozen stations until 1977. He was elected to the National Religious Broadcasters' Hall of Fame posthumously in 1976. R. R. Brown's efforts in early fundamentalist radio, along with those of evangelists Aimee Semple McPherson and Paul Rader, showed skeptical fundamentalists that radio could be an effective tool for evangelization. Brown's World Radio Congregation gained him his greatest notoriety, but his limited use of the strategy is suggestive of the primary importance that fundamentalists placed on traditional notions of local church polity and congregational life. Brown's broadcasts and his Omaha congregation served primarily as rallying points for the CMA and--more importantly--for fundamentalist activity in general in the Midwest and Plains states after 1925, during the post-Scopes trial period of retrenchment and institution-building that insured fundamentalism's post-World War II reemergence. Bibliography There is no collection of R. R. Brown Papers; such materials as exist are largely in the possession of family members and the Christ Community Church (formerly the Omaha Gospel Tabernacle) in Omaha, Neb. A small amount of material on Brown is in the archives of the Christian and Missionary Alliance at Alliance headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colo. Brown's personal style lent itself to the pulpit and the radio ministry, and as a result he did not leave a prolific written legacy. Now-hard-to-find pamphlets from his radio sermons, such as, "Did Jesus Know Our Times? Dictatorship" (1933), typify the sorts of things he sent to his listeners. Brown did occasionally pen devotional articles and sermons for Alliance organs; representative of them is "Intellectualism vs. The Illuminated Mind," Alliance Weekly, 9 Oct. 1957, pp. 3-4. There has been no attempt at a scholarly examination of Brown's life and career, but his involvement with the CMA is covered succinctly in an obituary tribute by William F. Smalley, "Dr. R. R. Brown: His Contribution to the Christian and Missionary Alliance," Alliance Weekly, 1 Apr. 1964, pp. 6-7, 13. Brown also receives some attention in Robert L. Niklaus, John S. Sawin, and Samuel J. Stoesz's general history of the CMA, All for Jesus (1986). Brown's radio work is examined somewhat by Dennis Voskuil in "The Power of the Air: Evangelicals and the Rise of Religious Broadcasting," in American Evangelicals and the Mass Media, ed. Quentin J. Schultze (1990), and by Mark Ward, Sr., in Air of Salvation: The Story of Christian Broadcasting (1994). Larry Eskridge Citation: Larry Eskridge. "Brown, R. R."; _http://www.anb.org/articles/08/08-00193.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/08/08-00193.html) ; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. Copyright Notice: Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.

LEON EDEL Edel, Leon (9 Sept. 1907-5 Sept. 1997), biographer, theorist of biographical literature, and literary historian, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Simon Edel and Fannie Malamud Edel. His family moved to Saskatchewan, Canada when he was about two years old and he remained in Canada for his college education, receiving his B.A. in 1927 from McGill University in Montreal, and continued there for the start of his graduate studies, obtaining an M.A. in 1928 with honors, having written a thesis on the writer Henry James, the first step in his becoming the preeminent authority in the world on James's life and work. Along with friends in the arts community of Montreal, Edel helped to found the McGill Fortnightly Review, a literary publication. As a reward for the excellence of his thesis on James, he received a Province of Quebec scholarship to study abroad. Electing to attend the University of Paris, he was awarded his Ph.D. (docteur es lettres) in 1931. Originally written in French, his dissertation on Henry James was "Les Annees Dramatiques" and it was translated into English. In 1932 Edel took a post at Sir George Williams University in Montreal, where he was an assistant professor of English until 1934. He held a Gug genheim fellowship from 1936 to 1938. During the Great Depression and World War II, he also worked in broadcasting and journalism in Canada because at the time positions at American universities were difficult to obtain, especially with a foreign degree. He then served in the U.S. Army, rising from sergeant to first lieutenant, and was awarded the Bronze Star, having been a specialist in psychological warfare following D-Day. After the war, he worked as a journalist, first in Canada and then in New York. In 1950 he married Roberta Roberts, from whom he was to be divorced in 1979; the marriage was childless. In 1953 Edel was named an associate professor of English at New York University and became a full professor in 1955. During his tenure at NYU, where he remained until 1966, he was honored with the title Henry James Professor of English and American Letters. Edel retired to Hawaii and taught at the University of Hawaii, where he was named the first Citizen's Professor of English in 1974. He married Marjorie Putnam Sinclair in 1980. He died in Honolulu at age eighty-nine. Edel's enduring fascination with the life and work of Henry James took its most notable form in the magisterial five-volume biography that he began after World War II. Henry James: The Untried Years, 1843-1870, appeared in 1953. The subsequent volumes, all published by Lippincott, were subtitled The Conquest of London, 1870-1883 (1962), The Middle Years, 1882-1895 (1962), The Treacherous Years, 1895-1901 (1969), and The Master, 1901-1916 (1972). He was at work on the second and third volumes in1959-1960 while a visiting professor at Harvard University, where he had the opportunity to examine James's private papers, given to Harvard Library upon the writer's death in 1916. Those two volumes were awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1963; that same year, Edel was also the recipient of a National Book Award. In an assessment of the full five-volume work, James Atlas wrote in the New York Times Book Review (6 Feb. 1972): "Edel manages to sustain interest in a figure who was sedentary, verbose, self-concealing; he maintains a swift narrative pace through ingenious organization of his material . . . and . . . gives us a rich tapestry of James's life and times that reads like a novel." The vastness of this landmark in literary biography reflected Edel's conviction that James was the "largest" literary figure to emerge from the United States during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The biographer saw in his subject the first great psychological realist in the history of the novel, a bridge between Romanticism and modernism, who surpassed in his range and fineness of insight the European writers of stature whom he admired and befriended, including Gustave Flaubert, Emile Zola, George Eliot, and Ivan Turgenev. As an American who spent most of his adult years in England and Europe, he developed in his numerous novels and stories "international" themes concerning the encounters of European and American characters and the conflicts between Old World and New World sensibilities and attitudes. Edel saw in the sweep of James's oeuvre as a whole--from such early masterpieces as Daisy Miller and The Portrait of a Lady and his subsequent novels on social themes, particularly The Bostonians and The Princess Casamassima, to the major achievements of his later years, including The Wings of the Dove and The Golden Bowl--a capacious imagination akin to Shakespeare's. The matching of biographer and subject seems especially apt in Edel's case because he pioneered the psychological approach to the reconstruction of a writer's life in the course of studying in minute detail how Henry James developed into a master of psychological nuance in fiction. As early as his doctoral studies in Paris, Edel had pursued an interest in psychology and psychoanalysis by visiting in Vienna the psychiatrist Alfred Adler, a former associate of Sigmund Freud. Edel himself underwent psycholoanalysis following World War II and believed that the experience had heightened his intellectual skills. As summarized by Arnold M. Ludwig, the Edelian approach emphasizes the kind of piecing together of disparate details that a psychoanalyst would bring to formulating the personality profile of an analysand: "The task of the biographer is to detect the patterns and modes of a person's works and productions, or, to use Edel's own analogy, the figure on the underside of the carpet. Only by grasping the private mythology hidden behind the person's public mask can you depict the real person" (Ludwig, How Do We Know Who We Are? [1997], p. 57). In Writing Lives: Principia Biographica (1984), Edel proposed a set of premises that should be operative for the "new biography," including the need for biographers to "be familiar with the basics of psychoanalytical psychology" and to "be imaginative in dealing with the form and structure of their works as novelists are, feeling free to use the same techniques that give narrative to fiction--flashbacks, retrospective chapters, summary chapters . . . [and] glimpses into the future." Edel was to condense his massive original study of James into, first, a two-volume biography, The Life of Henry James (1977), and, then, an even more accessible single volume, Henry James, A Life (1985). The latter was translated into several languages and won for the author international recognition. He was no less tireless as a compiler of James's work, bringing out editions of the author's neglected plays, his stories, portions of his correspondence, and his significant critical writings, including the prefaces to the novels. Edel's A Bibliography of Henry James, prepared in association with Dan H. Laurence, appeared in 1957. But Edel by no means limited himself to Henry James. He also published studies of James Joyce (1947) and Willa Cather (1953; largely written by E. K. Brown and completed by Edel) and edited the diary of Alice James (1964) and the notebooks and journals of Edmund Wilson, which appeared under the titles The Thirties (1980), The Forties (1983), and The Fifties (1986). (Lewis M. Dabney completed the Wilson project by publishing The Sixties in 1993.) As a leader of the psychological approach to literary and biographical analysis, he advanced his ideas in Literary Biography (1959), The Psychological Novel, 1900-1950 (1955), Stuff of Sleep and Dreams (1982), and contributed important articles to Biography as an Art and Varieties of Literary Experience (both 1965). Numerous honors were bestowed on Edel. From 1957 to 1959 he was national president of the American chapter of P.E.N. and in 1972 was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, which awarded him its Gold Medal for biography in 1976. The following year, he was selected to be the Vernon Visiting Professor of Biography at Dartmouth College, which served to acknowledge the influence Edel had come to exert on the genre of literary biography both in the United States and abroad. In 1977 he was also given the Hawaiian Writers' Award, and in 1981 he was designated a "Living Treasure" by the Honpa Hongwanji Temple. Along with Richard Ellmann's James Joyce (1959; rev. 1982), Leon Edel's Henry James will endure as one of the seminal literary biographies written in the English-speaking world during the twentieth century. Like Ellmann, he vivified his subject and made of him a central canonical figure in the evolution of modernism in Western literature. His exhaustive research on James will remain a monument unlikely to be superseded. Bibliography Edel, Writing Lives: Principia Biographical (1984) offers an excellent description of his writing methods and philosophy. There is an excellent review of Edel's editing and comments on the Wilson journals in the New York Times Book Review, 31 Aug.1986, by Joseph Epstein, the editor of the American Scholar. Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series, 22, pp. 110-17 has an excellent updated biographical sketch of Edel and integrates literary analysis with his life story. Lyall H. Powers, Leon Edel and Literary Art (1988), describes the techniques and literary conventions that Edel used in researching and writing biographies. Gloria G. Fromm, Essaying Biography: A Celebration for Leon Edel (1986), is a laudatory collection illuminating his works and contributions to the field of biography. John Batchelor, ed., The Art of Literary Biography (1995), includes critiques of Edel's methodology, reflecting the increasing skepticism among some scholars about the efficacy of psychoanalysis in understanding personality and the processes by which an author creates fiction. See also Book World, 6 Feb. 1972; Globe and Mail (Toronto), 3 May 1986; New York Times Book Review, 19 June 1955, 4 Nov.1962, 6 Feb. 1972, 13 May 1979, 1 July 1979, 31 Aug. 1980, 14 Dec. 1980, 25 July 1982, 19 May 1982, 15 Apr. 1984, 28 Oct. 1984, 26 Jan. 1985, and 24 Nov. 1985. Barbara Bennett Peterson Citation: Barbara Bennett Peterson. "Edel, Leon"; _http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-03387.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-03387.html) ; American National Biography Online June 2000 Update. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. Copyright Notice: Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.

EDWIN STANTON PORTER Porter, Edwin Stanton (21 Apr. 1870-30 Apr. 1941), pioneer director-producer-inventor of cinema, was born in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, the son of Thomas Richard Porter, a merchant, and Mary Jane Clark. Porter received his education in the public schools of Connellsville. He worked at various jobs, including plumber, exhibition skater, sign painter, tailor, and telegrapher. In 1893 Porter enlisted in the U.S. Navy, where he found his calling in working with electrical machines. In conjunction with Allen Fiske he perfected a range finder for the navy. Porter married Caroline Ridinger in 1893. When Porter's enlistment in the navy ended in 1896, he found employment with Thomas A. Edison, a pioneer of motion picture filming and exhibition. Porter first worked in New York for Raff & Gammon, agents for Edison, exhibiting Edison's Vitascope, and later he worked for Edison at the laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. Then he toured with Kuhn & Webster's Projectorscope, one of Edison's competitors, traveling from Canada to Central America, where he learned what pleased audiences on the screen. In 1899 Porter became part of Edison's operations in New York in charge of motion picture production. For the next ten years Porter participated in, and in many ways fashioned, the development of feature motion pictures that told a story. Previously, films mostly were one- or two-reel exhibitions of single incidents, news, or comedies. Porter wanted to use the medium to tell a story that an audience could follow visually. One such film, The Life of an American Fireman (1903), proved successful; he edited this film for dramatic effect, used dissolves, and also introduced the close-up shot. He also produced Teddy, the Grizzly King (1901), about President-elect Theodore Roosevelt, and Jack and the Beanstalk (1902). Porter's place in the history of film, however, is owed to his production, in 1903, of The Great Train Robbery. The Great Train Robbery featured classic western action and capitalized on the public's awareness of its theme, the last train robbery of the Hole in the Wall Gang, through dime novels and the news. Although far from the first western film, Porter's work did establish the genre and identified an audience for such films. The picture toured for several years and whetted the public's appetite for more westerns. As antiquated as The Great Train Robbery may seem to current-day viewers, its narrative structure, its texture in actors and settings, and its innovative combination of relatively new techniques gave the film a dramatic coherence that was excitingly bold to moviegoers of its time. Porter as writer and director approached the material with fresh eyes. Although he employed some forty actors, twenty separate shots, and ten different indoor and outdoor locations, he told a cohesive story of an unprecedented twelve minutes in length that flowed from its intercutting between camera angles and scenes, its lapses in time and changes in location, and its comprehensive panning shot that gave viewers a clear sense of the developing action. The film established the classic three-part western form that has continued to this day: crime, chase, and showdown. Porter introduced one other filmmaking principle as well, the elimination of the nonessential by editing. Made for about $150, The Great Train Robbery was an enormous success, the most popular film in the United States up to 1912. And without fully realizing his achievement, Porter created a touchstone film masterpiece. Unfortunately, Porter did not retain a leadership role in films after his initial success, and he produced no other work, either for Edison or later on his own, to compare with The Great Train Robbery. The Kleptomaniac (1905) was heavy with social overtones, and other films also failed to capture public interest. After 1909 Porter worked with several production companies, again without distinction. First he joined with others to form a production company named Rex, then in 1911 became chief director for Famous Players Film Company, operated by Adolph Zukor; he also shared an interest in the company's ownership. Porter directed The Prisoner of Zenda (1913) with James K. Hackett in the first five-reel film produced in the United States and in other films directed such stars as Mary Pickford and John Barrymore. Pickford said of her experience with Porter that he always seemed more interested in what was going on inside the camera than what it filmed. Porter's interest in the technical aspects of cinematography did exceed his concern with business aspects or the glamour of the new industry. Perhaps for this reason he left Famous Players in 1916 for the presidency of the Precision Machine Company, the manufacturer of the Simplex projector, which he had invented, and continued in this position until his retirement in 1925. Porter died at the Taft Hotel in New York City. Bibliography Among the best books on western film is Jon Tuska, The Filming of the West (1976), which discusses Porter on pp. 3-9. See also George F. Everson and William K. Everson, The Western: From Silents to the Seventies (1973), especially chapter 3, "The Primitives: Edwin S. Porter and Broncho Billy Anderson." See also Jack Nachbar, Focus on the Western (1974). Archie P. McDonald Citation: Archie P. McDonald. "Porter, Edwin Stanton"; _http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-00947.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/18/18-00947.html) ; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. Copyright Notice: Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.

WILLIAM ALFRED FOWLER Fowler, William Alfred (9 Aug. 1911-14 Mar. 1995), physicist, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of John McLeod Fowler, an accountant, and Jennie Summers Watson. When Fowler was two, his family moved to Lima, Ohio, where he attended the public schools and graduated in 1929 at the top of his class from Lima Central High School. He then entered Ohio State University from which he received his bachelor's degree in engineering physics in 1933. That same year he began his graduate studies in physics at the California Institute of Technology, where he became a research assistant of Charles C. Lauritsen (1892-1968), who was the head of Caltech's High Voltage and Kellogg Radiation Laboratories. Fowler was awarded his Ph.D. in 1936; his dissertation, "Radioactive Elements of Low Atomic Number," was written under Lauritsen's direction. For the rest of his life Fowler's career was to be inextricably identified with that of Lauritsen (until his retirement in 1962), and together they were to propel Caltech into an international center of excellence in nuclear physics. Indeed, like his mentor, Fowler spent his entire life at Caltech: as a research fellow (1936-1939); assistant professor (1939-1942); associate professor (1942-1946); professor (1946-1970), and finally as the first Institute Professor of Physics (1970-1982). During the war years, together with much of the Kellogg lab staff, he followed Lauritsen to Washington, D.C. (1940-1941), where at the National Bureau of Standards and the Carnegie Institution for Terrestrial Magnetism they made noteworthy contributions to the development of proximity fuses for bombs, shells, and ordnance rockets. When the National Defense Research Committee authorized the setup of Caltech's rocket project in 1941, Fowler returned to Pasadena as assistant director of the project (1941-1944). When this was subsequently taken over by the U.S. Navy, he was involved in the establishment of the Naval Ordnance Test Station at Inyokern (now China Lake). In 1944 he served for three months in the South Pacific as a technical observer, and with other Caltech scientists worked at Los Alamos in fabricating components of the atomic bomb. Concurrent with his Caltech duties, Fowler was a Fulbright Lecturer and Guggenheim Fellow at the University of Cambridge (1954-1955, 1961-1962), and a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966. Fowler's many honors included sharing the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for his theoretical and experimental studies of nuclear reactions, which were important in forming the chemical elements in the universe. His other awards include the Naval Ordnance Development Award (1945); the Presidential Medal of Merit (1948); the Lamme Medal (1952); the Liege Medal (1955); the Barnard Medal (1965); the Apollo Achievement Award (1969); the Tom Bonnor Prize (1970); the G. Unger Vetlesen Prize (1973); the National Medal of Science, presented by President Ford (1974); the Eddington Medal (1978); the Bruce Gold Medal (1979); the Sullivant Medal (1985); and the French Legion d'Honneur, presented by President Mitterand (1989). Fowler was also elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1956, was president of the American Physical Society (1976), and was a member of numerous governmental advisory boards and committees. Fowler's main research was a bold attempt to determine and understand the nuclear reactions occurring in the birth, evolution, and death of stars and other objects in the universe. Although much of this work was a team effort, he was the acknowledged leader of a new area of physics, nuclear astrophysics, which included theories of nuclear synthesis and nuclear cosmochronology. These studies had their modern origin in 1937-1939 with the independent proposals of Hans Bethe in the United States and Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker in Germany of a mechanism for supplying the energy required to keep stars shining for billions of years. This was known as the C-N cycle of reactions, and it employed carbon and nitrogen as catalysts to transmute four protons into a helium nucleus, plus two positrons and two neutrinos. Somewhat later Bethe and Charles Critchfield suggested a proton-proton chain of reactions that would yield the same result starting from hydrogen alone. The first nuclear reaction in the C-N cycle was investigated at Caltech in 1933 and led to an intensive study of nuclear reactions involving light nuclei since they offered the possibility of a quantitative test of the proposed energy production processes. This work was interrupted by the onset of the war, but after the war Fowler and his associates renewed their work and showed that stars having masses up to about 1.2 solar masses derive their main energy from the proton-proton chain rather than the C-N cycle. Further experiments considered reactions that build carbon and oxygen from helium nuclei produced in stellar cores. Early in 1953 Fred Hoyle, who was visiting Caltech, suggested that this mechanism would not be adequate to supply the observed abundance of carbon unless there was an excited state of carbon-12 that would serve as a resonance. Within days Fowler and members of his group, led by Ward Whaling, experimentally found this state and in doing so established the general feasibility of building elements in stars. Subsequently, during his first visit to Cambridge, Fowler began his historic active collaboration with Hoyle and Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge. This work culminated in their seminal paper, "Synthesis of Elements in Stars," Reviews of Modern Physics 29 (Oct. 1957): 547-650, which outlined a series of processes taking place in successive generations of stars that produce the observed abundances of elements and nuclides in the universe. This paper was to be a key contribution leading to his Nobel prize. Later developments by Hoyle and Fowler in 1960 included the now standard mechanisms for type I and type II supernovae, and this was reprinted in their book, Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars and Supernovae (1965). In the same year they extended the previous work with the Burbidges to date the synthesis of elements from their abundances in the isotopes of the radioactive nuclei of uranium, thorium, and their other transuranic ancestors (see Annals of Physics 10 [June 1960]: 280-302). Fowler coined the term nuclear cosmochronology for this theory. Finally, in joint work with Hoyle and Robert V. Wagoner (Astrophysical Journal 148 [Apr. 1967]: 3-49), Fowler studied the dynamics of the expansion of the universe--the so-called Big Bang--and its implications for nucleosynthesis. This latter work continued until 1988, with a variety of coauthors, and has led to a comprehensive basis for modern research in the nuclear physics of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. Fowler's book Nuclear Astrophysics (1967), which was based on the text of his 1965 Jayne Lectures for the American Philosophical Society, gives a lucid overview of his research, which anticipates some of his subsequent work on supermassive stars, quasars, extragalactic radio sources, and galactic explosions. Fowler was not only a distinguished scientist whose work has significantly contributed to our understanding of the nuclear processes governing the structure of the universe, but he was a rare individual who inspired others with his infectious optimism and seemingly boundless energy. He was devoted to Caltech and took great pride in his students and coworkers, whose work he freely praised. Upon being notified of his Nobel Prize, he commented that he considered it to be an award to the Kellogg Radiation Lab, and not just to him. He was known worldwide as simply "Willy" and had an unforgettable zest for life that never failed to brighten the world around him. Two awards that pleased him most were those bestowed by his Caltech colleagues and students: a "National Meddler" medal in 1974 and in 1983 a t-shirt bearing the inscription "Nuclear Alchemist 1." In August 1940 he married Ardianne Foy Omsted; they had two daughters. After her death in May 1988, he married Mary Dutcher in December 1989. He died in Pasadena. Bibliography Fowler's papers are held by the Institute Archives at Caltech and include an oral biography. A brief autobiographical note and portrait is in "From Steam to Stars to the Early Universe," Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 30 (1992): 1-9. In December 1995 a three-day symposium on nuclear astrophysics was held at Caltech in his memory, and excerpts of tributes presented there are in "A Celebration of Willy Fowler," Engineering and Science 49, no. 2 (1995): 34-43. Of special interest is his seventieth birthday volume, Essays in Nuclear Astrophysics presented to William A. Fowler (1982), ed. Charles A. Barnes et al. This contains a list of Fowler's publications through 1981 and a delightful paper, "Two Decades of Collaboration with Willy Fowler" (pp. 1-9) by Fred Hoyle. Fowler's early account, "The Origin of the Elements," Scientific American 195 (Sept. 1956): 82-91, contains a survey suitable for the general reader. Obituaries are in Physics Today 47 (Sept. 1995): 116-118; Nature 374 (30 Mar. 1995): 406; and the New York Times, 16 Mar. 1995. Joseph D. Zund Online Resources The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 _http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1983/_ (http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1983/) From the Nobel e-Museum, the Official Web Site of The Nobel Foundation. Citation: Joseph D. Zund. "Fowler, William Alfred"; _http://www.anb.org/articles/13/13-02586.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/13/13-02586.html) ; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy. Copyright Notice: Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copi es of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.

Find A Grave Cemetery Records- Ernie Davis

Find A Grave Cemetery Records- Frank Rizzo

Davis, Ernie (14 Dec. 1939-18 May 1963), football player, was born in New Salem, Pennsylvania, a coal mining district. The names and occupations of his parents cannot be ascertained. He never knew his father, who left the family soon after his son's birth and subsequently died in an accident. His mother moved to Elmira, New York, leaving the one-year-old Ernie with his grandparents in nearby Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Ten years later Davis rejoined his mother in Elmira. Davis's athletic career began at the Elmira Free Academy, where he starred in both basketball and football. He was named a Scholastic Coach magazine high school All-American in both sports in 1957-1958 but was recruited to play football by more than thirty-five schools, including Notre Dame. He chose to go to Syracuse University because of its proximity to Elmira and the intercession of an Elmira attorney and a Syracuse alumnus. Davis led his freshman football team to an undefeated season in 1958. He then played three years of varsity football at Syracuse, during which time the team achieved a record of twenty wins and five losses. They beat Texas in the 1960 Cotton Bowl and Miami in the 1961 Liberty Bowl; the team had won the national championship in 1959. Davis, the leading rusher all three seasons, led the team in pass receiving in 1961, gained 3,414 all-purpose yards, and averaged 6.6 yards per carry in his career. His 15.7 yards per carry in one game against West Virginia in 1959 and his seasonal average of 7.8 yards per carry remain Syracuse records. In the 1960-1961 seasons he gained more than 100 yards per game eleven times. Davis was chosen the outstanding player in both the Cotton and Liberty bowls. Davis made All-American in 1960 and was chosen again in 1961 unanimously. His numerous honors included the 1961 Heisman Trophy, awarded annually to the outstanding college football player. Davis was the first African American to earn the Heisman, winning it in close balloting over fullback Bob Ferguson of Ohio State and his old boyhood friend from Uniontown, Sandy Stephens, who had gone on to star at the University of Minnesota. Syracuse used the "winged T" formation with an unbalanced line. Davis would run from either the tailback or wingback position. At 6' 2' and 205 pounds, he possessed, in the words of his coach Ben Schwartzwalder, that "rare combination of power and speed." Davis ran effectively off tackle, on reverses, and on power sweeps around end and proved to be an effective blocker and a sure-handed pass receiver. He had the ability to break open games with long gains, including his 87-yard run with a pass against Texas in the 1960 Cotton Bowl. Playing before the free substitution rule was introduced, Davis was an effective defensive back. He was often compared with Jim Brown, the 1956 Syracuse All-American who had become a star in the National Football League with the Cleveland Browns. Davis, in fact, broke ten of Brown's intercollegiate records. During his junior year, 1960-1961, Davis also played varsity basketball. He graduated from Syracuse in 1962 with a bachelor's degree in business administration and was honored by his classmates as a senior marshall at the commencement. A deeply religious man and a member of the Baptist church, he never married. In 1962 Davis played in the East-West Shrine game, in an all-star game in June, and later that summer in the college all-star game against the Green Bay Packers. The first player chosen in that year's professional football draft, he was the focus of an intense bidding war between the NFL's Washington Redskins, the Buffalo Bills of the rival American Football League, and the Canadian Football League. Washington subsequently traded his NFL rights to the Cleveland Browns, which in December 1961 signed him to an $80,000 three-year contract. Davis became ill with acute monocytic leukemia during practice for the college all-star game in 1962. He participated in preseason practice with the Browns and worked briefly as a sales trainee for the Pepsi-Cola Company, but he was too disabled to play professional football. His condition deteriorated that fall, and after one last visit to a Syracuse spring practice game in April he reentered a Cleveland hospital, where he died. Davis was buried in Elmira. Although subjected to racial taunting from the earliest days of his career, Davis said after the racially charged Cotton Bowl game against Texas in 1960 that he never gave much thought to such issues. This passivity stood in sharp contrast to the militancy of some of his fellow African-American athletes later in that decade. In 1979 Davis was elected posthumously to the National Football Foundation College Hall of Fame. Bibliography Some information on Davis's college career is in the files of the Syracuse University Sports Information Office, Syracuse, N.Y. The Texas Cotton Bowl incident is discussed in the New York Times, 2, 3, and 12 Jan. 1960. For his return to basketball at Syracuse in 1961, see the New York Herald Tribune, 1, Mar. 1961. For comment on his receiving the Heisman Trophy, see the New York Times, 29 Nov. and 7 Dec. 1961. For his plans to play professional football, see the New York Herald Tribune, 7 Dec. 1961, and the New York Times, 3, 5, and 10 Dec. 1961. Reports of his illness and prospects of playing for the Browns are in the New York Times, 6 and 7 Oct. 1962, and Paul Brown, with Jack Clary, PB: The Paul Brown Story (1979). For a contemporary student's memories, see Judy Adams, "Ernie Davis," Daily Orange (Syracuse Univ.), 1 June 1963. Also see Robert C. Gallagher, Ernie Davis: The Elmira Express (1983). Insights can be gleaned from John T. Brady, The Heisman: A Symbol of Excellence (1984); Steven Clark, Fight against Time: Five Athletes--A Legacy of Courage (1979); Ernie Davis and Bob August, "I'm Not Unlucky," Saturday Evening Post, 30 Mar. 1993, pp. 60-62; W. A. Nack, "A Life Cut Short," Sports Illustrated, 4 Sept. 1989, pp. 136-46; Bill Libby, Heroes of the Heisman Trophy (1973); Official 1993 NCAA Football (1993); "Pro Patient," Newsweek, 22 Oct. 1962, p. 76; Ken Rappoport, The Syracuse Football Story (1975); 1993 Syracuse Football Story (1993); and A. Wright, "Ernie Davis: A Man of Courage," Sports Illustrated, 27 May 1963, pp. 24-25. Obituaries and commentary are in the New York Times, 19, 22, and 23 May 1963, the Syracuse Herald Journal, 18 May 1963, and the Syracuse Post Standard, 19 May 1963. Daniel R. Gilbert Citation: Daniel R. Gilbert. "Davis, Ernie"; _http://www.anb.org/articles/19/19-00043.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/19/19-00043.html) ; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Copyright Notice Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.

Rizzo, Frank Lazzaro (23 Oct. 1920-16 July 1991), police officer and politician, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Raffaele "Ralph" Rizzo, a police officer and tailor, and Theresa Erminio. Both of his parents were Italian immigrants. Rizzo was raised in predominately Italian South Philadelphia, where he attended local schools but failed to graduate from high school. He joined the navy in 1938 and received a medical discharge just one year later. Returning to Philadelphia, he worked in the steel and construction industries. In 1942 he married Carmella Silvestri; they had two children. Rizzo joined the Philadelphia Police Department on 6 October 1943. An aggressive officer, he caught the eye of his superiors and was promoted to acting sergeant. Assigned to a center city district, Rizzo eventually became his own father's supervisor. In 1952 the Democratic party took control of city hall after decades of Republican rule. A new home rule charter was adopted, giving city employees civil service protection. Rizzo was officially promoted to sergeant and assigned to the highway patrol. Continuing to ascend the promotional ladder, he became an inspector in 1959. He entered the 1960s with a strong law and order reputation, but he was also known for his quick use of force and poor record in dealing with African Americans. The Democrats stayed in power, but the city was now under the control of the Irish Catholics and James H. J. Tate. Rizzo and Tate used each other to advance their careers. Rizzo made quite an impression during his testimony before Senator John McClellan's Senate Subcommittee on Crime in Washington, D.C., in June 1962, when he made his first public comments attacking the courts and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) for being "soft" on crime. In 1963 Rizzo became a deputy commissioner and Tate was reelected mayor. In August of that year Philadelphia experienced urban riots, but unlike in other major metropolitan areas, the police handled the situation with only one death and few injuries. Deputy Rizzo and Commissioner Howard Leary, a low-key liberal, did not see eye-to-eye on keeping the peace and constantly clashed. In February 1966 Leary left to become police commissioner of New York City. Later that year Arlen Spector was elected district attorney, the first Republican victory in the city in fifteen years, and he was a threat to unseat Tate as mayor. Rizzo, ever present on the streets of Philadelphia, led his police force in confrontations with civil rights and anti-Vietnam War protestors. In May 1967, a year of more urban unrest throughout the country, Rizzo was named commissioner of police, and the city council granted Mayor Tate emergency powers. Philadelphia remained quiet through the summer, and with Rizzo's help, Tate defeated Spector for mayor by a small margin. On 4 April 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated, but again Philadelphia remained calm. Rizzo's reputation for law and order caught the eye of Republican presidential candidate Richard Nixon, who was running in part on law and order himself. Rizzo made plans to run for mayor in 1971, and the two major parties vied for the honor. Rizzo preferred to run for mayor as a Republican but chose the Democratic party as his best chance to win. Law and order was becoming an issue in urban and national politics beyond Philadelphia. While Rizzo was a unique politician, he also represented that national trend. The Democrats needed Rizzo to hold onto the white blue-collar voters, who were defecting to the law and order Republicans. Rizzo won the Democratic primary, then defeated his Republican opponent with 71 percent of the vote. Just two weeks later Rizzo visited President Nixon and J. Edgar Hoover in Washington, becoming one of the best-known mayors in the United States. In 1975 Rizzo ran for reelection and defeated a prominent black independent candidate, who finished second, and the Republican candidate, who was a distant third. Mayor Rizzo's major campaign issue was his fulfilled promise not to raise taxes during his first term. However, keeping this pledge forced him during his second term to enact the largest tax increase in Philadelphia history to that date. This tax increase was the catalyst for a recall movement begun in 1976 by a coalition of labor unions, black leaders, and liberal groups such as the Americans for Democratic Action, the ACLU, and the newly created Philadelphia party. Rizzo was a symbol of blue-collar, white ethnic pride to his supporters and a brutal, racist police force to his detractors. The recall effort needed more than 145,000 signatures and collected at least 211,000, but Rizzo's supporters challenged the validity of the signatures. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court settled the issue in a September 1976 decision that struck down the entire Philadelphia recall process. Rizzo wanted to run again, but the Philadelphia city charter limited the mayor to only two consecutive terms. Rizzo began an unsuccessful campaign to change the charter. On 11 September 1980 a committee was formed to revise the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter to allow the mayor to serve for more than two consecutive terms, and the question was placed on the November ballot. The vote was 85 percent against the measure. The 1980s began with a new mayor in city hall. The incumbent decided not to run again in 1983, and Rizzo, courted by the Republicans, ran as a Democrat. He lost the primary to the former city managing director, W. Wilson Goode, who defeated the Republican in the general election to become the city's first elected black mayor. In 1987 Rizzo ran again, this time as a Republican, but he lost the election to Goode by less than 3 percentage points. Rizzo, sixty-seven years of age, went into semiretirement. At the end of 1988 he accepted a spot as a radio talk show host on one of the local stations, and with this exposure a movement urging his candidacy for mayor began to build. With the support in the black community, which was plagued by the crack cocaine epidemic, he decided to run in the Republican primary against a popular Republican district attorney and Vietnam War hero, Ron Castille. A third candidate split the vote, but Rizzo ran a brutal campaign against Castille and won the primary. With his momentum building, Rizzo died in Philadelphia just three months before the general election. His funeral was one of the largest in Philadelphia history. Thousands waited in the July heat for hours to view for the last time one of Philadelphia's most famous citizens. Rizzo was one of the last of the powerful big city mayors. From his first days on the police force to his last days running for office, he was a major presence in the everyday lives of the citizens of Philadelphia. A biographer concluded that few men in history have been their own political party. Rizzo's admirers followed him not because he was a Democrat or a Republican but because he was Rizzo. Bibliography S. A. Paolantonio, Frank Rizzo: The Last Big Man in Big City America (1993), a complete biography of Rizzo written by a Philadelphia newspaper reporter, is objective and well written. Theodore H. White, The Making of the President, 1972 (1973), discusses the relationship between Richard Nixon and Rizzo. Jonathan Rubinstein, City Police (1973), is a detailed study of the Philadelphia police and Rizzo written by an author who worked the streets with Rizzo's beat cops. Fred Hamilton, Rizzo (1973), and Joseph R. Daughen and Peter Binzen, The Cop Who Would Be King (1977), are mostly negative and concentrate on his political career. Extensive obituaries are in the Philadelphia Inquirer and the Philadelphia Daily News. Michael A. Cavanaugh Citation: Michael A. Cavanaugh. "Rizzo, Frank Lazzaro"; _http://www.anb.org/articles/07/07-00694.html_ (http://www.anb.org/articles/07/07-00694.html) ; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. Access Date: Copyright (c) 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Copyright Notice Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of the American National Biography of the Day and Sample Biographies provided that the following statement is preserved on all copies: From American National Biography, published by Oxford University Press, Inc., copyright 2000 American Council of Learned Societies. Further information is available at http://www.anb.org. American National Biography articles may not be published commercially (in print or electronic form), edited, reproduced or otherwise altered without the written permission of Oxford University Press which acts as an agent in these matters for the copyright holder, the American Council of Learned Societies. Contact: Permissions Department, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016; fax: 212-726-6444.