The Fremont Trail, or more correctly the route that John C Fremont took in 1843, had a direct connection with the Oregon Trail . The following are class notes from one of my Oregon History classes: Western explorer, soldier and political leader. Fremont attended Charleston College from 1829-31. He served as a mathematics teacher on board a ship, but refused a US Navy appointment in 1838. In 1838 Fremont became a second lieutenant in the US Army Bureau of Topographical Engineers Corps to assist with railroad surveys. Survey explorations included the Des Moines River and the head waters of the Mississippi River. He married the daughter of Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton, namesake of Benton Counties Oregon and Washington. Sen. Benton was a strong advocate of Oregon Territory. Jessie Benton Fremont accompanied her husband on all of his surveys. She was invaluable as a recorder of his journals and mapmaker. With a federal grant he crossed the Rockies for the first time in 1842. In 1843 he headed a survey party of 40 people into the Oregon Country. He overtook and passed the 1843 "Great Migration" en route. Mapmaker Charles Preuss was with Fremont and later published a set of seven maps that became route maps of the Oregon Trail. Fremont's 1842-44 expeditions were considered the most spectacular since Lewis and Clark. One thousand copies of Jessie Fremont's report were printed and distributed under her husband's name. After visiting Fort Vancouver Fremont returned to The Dalles. He reached The Dalles November 5, 1843. (The Great Migration got there in October.) He then turned south. Paralleling the modern route of US 97 (closer to the Cascades), he mapped the Fremont Trail. That trail was to be used as a dry route to and from California. In 1845 and on into 1846, during the US-Mexican War, Fremont again entered California, this time to rid it of Mexicans. Some Oregon expatriates, who abandoned the Willamette Valley when they could not affect an independent government, had successfully overthrown the Mexican capital in Monterey. Fremont arrived there in 1847 and assumed control in the name of the US government and handed California over to General Kearney upon his arrival. He was one of California's first two Senators in 1850. In 1856 he was an anti-slavery candidate for President, but failed to get the nomination. During the Civil War he served as a Major-General in the Union army. He was Territorial Governor of Arizona from 1878-81. He retired to California. He died while visiting New York. jim

>There is a great new interpretive center near Pendleton and the Wildhorse >Casino. Tamasktlit (probably spelled wrong but you can't pronounce it >anyhow) was wonderful. I took my class through it last year. Marlene I'll second this - The OCTA national convention was in Pendleton two summers ago, coincident with the opening of Tamastslikt. It's notable as it shows the western migration from both the native american and emmigrant viewpoints. It's operated by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. See: http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/tamust.html Thanks! Bob Wier mailto:[email protected] 21:19 GMT Friday, June 16, 2000 Unix/Internet Administrator Rocky Mountain College, Billings MT. keeper of the Photo-3d and Overland-Trails mailing lists and the USA GPS Waypoint server

>There is a great new interpretive center near Pendleton and the Wildhorse >Casino. Tamasktlit (probably spelled wrong but you can't pronounce it >anyhow) was wonderful. I took my class through it last year. Marlene I'll second this - The OCTA national convention was in Pendleton two summers ago, coincident with the opening of Tamastslikt. It's notable as it shows the western migration from both the native american and emmigrant viewpoints. It's operated by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. See: http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/tamust.html Thanks! Bob Wier mailto:[email protected] 21:19 GMT Friday, June 16, 2000 Unix/Internet Administrator Rocky Mountain College, Billings MT. keeper of the Photo-3d and Overland-Trails mailing lists and the USA GPS Waypoint server

I haven't been there yet, but I agree. I've seen the signs and it is definitely unpronouncable. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Marlene Pointer" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Friday, June 16, 2000 11:06 AM Subject: Now a new one. > There is a great new interpretive center near Pendleton and the Wildhorse > Casino. Tamasktlit (probably spelled wrong but you can't pronounce it > anyhow) was wonderful. I took my class through it last year. Marlene >

Hi Trail Fans This is the Press Release which went out yesterday and today about the Millennium Trails/Overland Trail celebration. I certainly hope that some of you will be able to attend. There will also be a reception at the Roberts Ranch homestead after the 1:00 pm event for special guests. Please let me know if you will be in the area, so that I can plan on meeting you at the celebration, and invite you to the Ranch. Thanks Liz The Overland Trail http://www.over-land.com Historic Trail Preservation Walk The Overland Trail was recently designated by the White House Millennium Council as an "Official Millennium Trail." The Overland Trail, authorized by the US Congress in 1858 as a route to carry mail, was instrumental in opening up the West. Mark Twain chronicled his adventures riding in a stagecoach along the Overland Trail in 1861 in "Roughing It." Following the Platte River Road from the Missouri River to Denver, the Overland Trail then traveled north along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, west through Wyoming to Salt Lake City, finally crossing the Sierras into Sacramento. The dedication of the Overland Trail as an Official Millennium Trail and a "trail walk," supported by the Larimer County Historic Alliance, of Fort Collins, Colorado, will take place on August 5, 2000 at 1:00 PM on the historic Roberts Ranch, not normally open to the public. The Roberts Ranch is the site of archeologically significant habitation sites, Indian Teepee Rings, significant Overland Trail ruts, Signature Rock, and the Cherokee Park Overland Trail Stage Station site, made famous by Louis L'Amour in his classic book, "Cherokee Station." The "Millennium Trails" is a significant public/private partnership led by the White House to preserve critical open space, and to celebrate trails and their capacity to connect our nation's people with land, history, and culture. In attendance at this celebration of the Overland Trail will be national, state, and local legislators, in addition to leaders and members of national and local organizations who support the Millennium Trails purpose of "Honoring the past and imagining the future." Directions to the Roberts Ranch: About 20 miles north of Fort Collins, Colorado on US 287, then about 1 mile farther past the Livermore junction, (The Forks Restaurant), to County Road 80, turn right about 3.0 miles to "Overland Trail Crossing" on the Roberts Ranch. For more information: E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (970) 416-8678 FAX: (970) 221-3627 URL: http://www.over-land.com/millennium.html Map to site: http://www.over-land.com/MTmap.html

There is so much controversy in handling Cemeteries now a days one needs to have as much amunition as they can have to get the job done with no harm to the cemetery and gravestones and surrounding area. Beej in AZ WHAT TO DO AND NOT TO DO WHEN WORKING IN A CEMETERY by Jeanne Robinson, Executive Director Oregon Historic Cemeteries Association [email protected] Historic cemeteries are in need of care, but there are many well-meaning folks who actually harm them. Here are a few hints to assure your visit to a cemetery will result in something positive. Old marble gravestones and wooden grave markers are very fragile. Do not lean on them or treat them roughly. Be careful with weed whips around the stones (concrete bases are muchtougher). If necessary, hand-trim any weeds. Lawnmowers should never be run over a gravestone. Take care when mowing near markers, fencing, or curbing. Bumpers made of old tires on your mower will help prevent scraping. Cleaning of marble gravestones is NOT recommended. Even the most gentle cleaning methods (clear water and soft bristle brushes) will remove particles of stone. Never use bleach or wire brushes on ANY stone. NEVER power-wash or sandblast a grave marker of any kind. Please do not smoke in the cemetery. There are no ashtrays, and a stray spark could start a fire in dry grasses and weeds. Many old cemeteries were totally obliterated when fire swept away all of the old wooden markers. Please do not move or remove any metal funeral home markers -- even if they can't be read. They mark a grave. The same is true of fragments of gravestones or even what appear to be stray rocks. If you must move for mowing or weeding, please return them to the exact spot from which they came. Before you remove or mow plants try to identify them. Lilacs, roses, iris, and other flowers, trees, and shrubs may be antique specimens planted by pioneers. It is OK to remove trees if they pose a threat of getting big and harming nearby gravestones. Herbicides may be used in cemeteries, but be careful not to spray on the markers. Protect them from over-spray with garbage bags or dry cleaner bags. In most Oregon cemeteries [and elsewhere in the United States] you will find examples of four common types of grave markers. The following will help you identify each: Granite Gravestones: Granite is a very strong mineral used to identify graves since about the turn of the [20th] century when stone carvers developed tools to carve the lettering. It holds a polish well and generally will have multi-colored grains. Marble Gravestones: Marble was used for most early grave markers in Oregon [and in many other parts of the United States]. It is generally white or blue-gray and often shows veining. Because it is a soft mineral, early stone carvers often included beautiful artwork on their marble grave monuments. White Bronze Markers: These monuments look to be a gray-green color and often surprise folks when they realize they are metal (zinc). If you are in doubt about whether you are looking at a metal marker, tap it lightly. White bronze monuments are hollow. Wooden Markers: Early pioneers and settlers sometimes marked graves with wooden crosses or slabs. Some contemporary graves are also marked this way. Old wooden markers are hard to find and harder to read. [[This article first appeared in the OHCA LEDGER, Volume 9, Issue 1 (June 2000) and is reprinted here with its kind permission and that of the author. OHCA LEDGER is a publication of the Oregon Historic Cemeteries Association, Inc., which is a nonprofit corporation formed to educate the public about our cemeteries, to build and maintain appropriate databases, and to protect our cemeteries and their records.]]

The Interpretive Center is right off I-205 just as you get to the bridge over the Willamette River at Oregon City. You can see the big covered wagons from the freeeway on your left going south. Watch for signs. Walt Davies Monmouth, OR

There is a great new interpretive center near Pendleton and the Wildhorse Casino. Tamasktlit (probably spelled wrong but you can't pronounce it anyhow) was wonderful. I took my class through it last year. Marlene

Thanks, Jim. I have seen those wagons as I drove 205. I will definitely plan a stop. Lois in CA

Jim Tompkins wrote: > [snip] > The Oregon Escort militia was authorized by Congress in 1861 to escort > emigrants across the Oregon Trail. Jim, How many years was such an escort available to emigrants? Thanks, Beth Perry Johnston Newport, Oregon -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~`~`~`~`~ The Word Crafter's Inward Eye ~`~`~`~`~ http://www.Inward-Eye.com/ mailto:[email protected] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

My family and I have been there several times also. We live in Clackamas, which is about three miles from there....of course my car doesn't like going there because my mechanic is right across the street from it! *Julie Researching: Canada: ECK, MACLACHLAN, SHORTELL England: ELLERBY, SLEIGHT Russia: ANKLAM, PAHL, RAUSER, RICHTER, SIVERT, SPIES Sweden: ECK (EK), ERSDOTTER, MARTENSDOTTER, PALSSON CA: D'ARCY, SHORTELL IL: EMERICK, SCHAFFER, SHAW IA: MOE, SCHAFFER KA: LAWYER MI: MCARTHUR NY: MOE OR: BRANT, BRUNDAGE, D'ARCY, DEAN, ECK, FREDERICK, GROSS, HALL, HEAD, HERSHBERGER, HOUSTON, KRAMER, LAWYER, NOCCHI, SCHAFFER, SLEIGHT, SMITH, SPIES, STEAGALL, TAYLOR, WALLACE VA: EMERICK, SESSLER WA: BRANT, LAWYER, MOE, OLSON, PATTERSON, WALLACE

>Help, please. I will be driving down I5 from Seattle soon and would >like to find this interpretive center in Clackamas. I will be stopping >in Milwaukie to visit the Willsburg train station and the Willsburg >Cemetery (from the bygone town of Willsburg which was named for my >g.g.g.g.grandparents, George Jacob Wills and Sarah Jane Moore Wills). >Would one of you give me directions for finding the interpretive center >from 205? Thanks. > >Lois in sunny and HOT CA There is one in Oregon City about five miles south of Clackamas (still in Clackamas County). Try this website: http://www.teleport.com/~eotic/index.html jim

>Be sure to click on "Barlow Road" Check out this site: http://rutnut.com/tompkins/barlow/discovering.html

Barb Thomas said: >My husband's great-grandfather, George Dement Thomas (rank - lieutenant), >served under Captain Madorem Crawford of Oregon in a special army branch to >protect traveling emigrants. In May of 1862, Lieutenant Thomas reported at >Omaha, NE for duty. >Is there anybody who may have further information about this particular >trip, or could point me in the direction of finding more info? > The Oregon Escort militia was authorized by Congress in 1861 to escort emigrants across the Oregon Trail. Commanded by 1842 pioneer Medorem Crawford, this train was formed in Omaha in 1862. Crawford led that year's migration as far as the Grande Ronde Valley when he returned East to report, while his brother LeRoy escorted the group on into the Willamette Valley. Crawford's report called for additional escorts each year of the war. He asked for 100 men each. Half would ride ahead of the wagons and clear the road and the other half would ride with the wagons. Crawford escorted the 1863 migration before returning to settled life in Oregon City. Crawford went into business with Harley Stevens to provide services related to Oregon Trail travel. When Rev. St. Michael Fackler of Albany, New York, was assigned by his church first to Portland, he left his wife and school-aged daughter home. Fackler traveled the Oregon Trail with Crawford's escort service. To care for his wife and daughter should he fail to return home, he left some vouchers on the U.S. Quartermaster (the 19th century equivalent of a money order) with Crawford, Stevens and Co. When Fackler died while crossing Nicaragua on his return trip to New York, Crawford forwarded the money to the family. Harley Stevens had crossed the Oregon Trail in 1862 as a member of the Emigrant Escort Service. He learned to key a telegraph in Portland and was hired as a telegraph operator by the Oregon & California Railroad in 1870. The following year he married Mary Elizabeth Crawford, the daughter of Medorem. The Clackamas County Historical Society owns the Stevens-Crawford House in Oregon City and one of the items from the Mertie Stevens collection is a handbill advising emigrants what to do and take on the Oregon Trail. Jim Tompkins

http://www.ohwy.com/or/d/dufur.htm Dufur, Wasco Co., Oregon Be sure to click on "Barlow Road" and then scroll down to a clickable list of sites. Click on Oregon and travel its highways! Violet Moore Guy Formerly of Dufur, Wasco Co., OR 06/15/2000

Help, please. I will be driving down I5 from Seattle soon and would like to find this interpretive center in Clackamas. I will be stopping in Milwaukie to visit the Willsburg train station and the Willsburg Cemetery (from the bygone town of Willsburg which was named for my g.g.g.g.grandparents, George Jacob Wills and Sarah Jane Moore Wills). Would one of you give me directions for finding the interpretive center from 205? Thanks. Lois in sunny and HOT CA

Barb Thomas Checking on your ALEXANDER link. This website has my Alexander link for early Oregon ancestors. Put in Teel to start http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=kirby&i d=I90 http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.cOM Laura ALEXANDER, TEEL, KIRBY, GALLOWAY, HALES, FUDGE, KRUCEK, POLLARD -----Original Message----- From: Barb Thomas [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Thursday, June 15, 2000 9:37 AM To: [email protected] Subject: Omaha to Walla Walla, Washington Territory Summer 1862 My husband's great-grandfather, George Dement Thomas (rank - lieutenant), served under Captain Madorem Crawford of Oregon in a special army branch to protect traveling emigrants. In May of 1862, Lieutenant Thomas reported at Omaha, NE for duty. Following is an excerpt from "United States Biographical Dictionary, 1876": "There he remained in charge til the necessary supplies and equipmentes were put in readiness for the expedition. During the time he organized a company of about sixty men, whom he drilled as far as practicable in the cavalry tactics, so as to be serviceable on the road in case of Indian attacks. He had charge of this company of mounted men on the entire route, and rendered efficient services to the command and expedition till it reached its destination, making about fifteen hundred miles. The expedition was successful in making the trip without the loss of a man, or the trasaction of any incident which is not common to an expedition crossing the plains." Is there anybody who may have further information about this particular trip, or could point me in the direction of finding more info? <George and his family eventually emigrated from St. Clair County, Illinois, to the Gallatin Valley of Montana, near Bozeman, in 1864.> Thanks in advance for your assistance. Barbara Thomas Oakland, CA Researching: THOMAS/ALEXANDER/KINNEY/MIDDLECOFF/SCOTT/HAXBY/LIENESCH; GRIM/ZEIGLER/MORRISON

Hi, I live in Baker City, OR., and I have to agree that the Interpretive Center here, (actually overlooks the wagon ruts of the Oregon Trail) is impressive. I have been there several times, and always look forward to going again. It is on BLM land, and is easily accessible. My friend enlarged and printed most of the photographs hanging on the walls. It's amazing what the people have done in their attempt to simulate real life on the trail. Carole ----- Original Message ----- From: "Rose Harnden" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Thursday, June 15, 2000 6:42 AM Subject: Re: Oregon Trail Interpretive Centers. > THANK YOU Violet, > My Parents Live in The Dalles, and when I go to visit them the > History surrounding > that drive into The Dalles is amazing... and the web pages you gave me > explains all that > to me... the one road I turn up off of 197, is the Old Oregon Trail, > as there is signs all > aliong the road. Sure make a person wonder what the Pioneers went > through to get to the place > they wanted to get too.. > > I was In The Dalles a few years ago when the Missouri Wagon Train went > through and I tell you what, > that was one of the Most moving events I have ever went through.. > still send chills up my back to > think I seen a Wagon Train from the Past... > > And I was raised on Baker and last year I was there to visit,and went > through the Interpertive > Center there.. MAN OH MAN.. what a experience, it is uunreal to see > all the History. Their > Museum in Baker is wonderful place to go through too.. > > It is something that every one should go see in one of the centers.. > It sure makes a person > appreciate what they have now and know we didn't have to go the route > they all did to get what > we have... > > THANK YOU.. > Rose in Prineville, Ore. > > > "Violet O. Guy" wrote: > > > > Hi Rooters: > > > > My BLM e-mail message got away from me as I > > was visting another Link --the Oregon Trail Interpertive Centers, > > especially the one at The Dalles. > > > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/Trails/Barlow_Road.htm > > Barlow Road from The Dalles, Oregon > > > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/Trails/Trail_Today.htm > > > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/ > > Columbia Gorge Discovery Center & The Wasco County Museum > > in The Dalles, OR. > > > > Violet Moore Guy > > Formerly of Dufur, Wasco Co., OR > > 6/15/2000 >

My husband's great-grandfather, George Dement Thomas (rank - lieutenant), served under Captain Madorem Crawford of Oregon in a special army branch to protect traveling emigrants. In May of 1862, Lieutenant Thomas reported at Omaha, NE for duty. Following is an excerpt from "United States Biographical Dictionary, 1876": "There he remained in charge til the necessary supplies and equipmentes were put in readiness for the expedition. During the time he organized a company of about sixty men, whom he drilled as far as practicable in the cavalry tactics, so as to be serviceable on the road in case of Indian attacks. He had charge of this company of mounted men on the entire route, and rendered efficient services to the command and expedition till it reached its destination, making about fifteen hundred miles. The expedition was successful in making the trip without the loss of a man, or the trasaction of any incident which is not common to an expedition crossing the plains." Is there anybody who may have further information about this particular trip, or could point me in the direction of finding more info? <George and his family eventually emigrated from St. Clair County, Illinois, to the Gallatin Valley of Montana, near Bozeman, in 1864.> Thanks in advance for your assistance. Barbara Thomas Oakland, CA Researching: THOMAS/ALEXANDER/KINNEY/MIDDLECOFF/SCOTT/HAXBY/LIENESCH; GRIM/ZEIGLER/MORRISON

THANK YOU Violet, My Parents Live in The Dalles, and when I go to visit them the History surrounding that drive into The Dalles is amazing... and the web pages you gave me explains all that to me... the one road I turn up off of 197, is the Old Oregon Trail, as there is signs all aliong the road. Sure make a person wonder what the Pioneers went through to get to the place they wanted to get too.. I was In The Dalles a few years ago when the Missouri Wagon Train went through and I tell you what, that was one of the Most moving events I have ever went through.. still send chills up my back to think I seen a Wagon Train from the Past... And I was raised on Baker and last year I was there to visit,and went through the Interpertive Center there.. MAN OH MAN.. what a experience, it is uunreal to see all the History. Their Museum in Baker is wonderful place to go through too.. It is something that every one should go see in one of the centers.. It sure makes a person appreciate what they have now and know we didn't have to go the route they all did to get what we have... THANK YOU.. Rose in Prineville, Ore. "Violet O. Guy" wrote: > > Hi Rooters: > > My BLM e-mail message got away from me as I > was visting another Link --the Oregon Trail Interpertive Centers, > especially the one at The Dalles. > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/Trails/Barlow_Road.htm > Barlow Road from The Dalles, Oregon > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/Trails/Trail_Today.htm > > http://www.gorgediscovery.org/ > Columbia Gorge Discovery Center & The Wasco County Museum > in The Dalles, OR. > > Violet Moore Guy > Formerly of Dufur, Wasco Co., OR > 6/15/2000